Fundamentals of Nursing Exam 3: Chapter 41 Part 2

a urinalysis and urine specific gravity is used for __

__ (hypervolemia/overhydration/edema/interstitial-to-plasma-shift) is excessive retention of water and sodium in ECF

__ (hypervolemia/overhydration/edema/interstitial-to-plasma-shift) is excessive ECF accumulates in interstitial spaced and tissue expansion

__ (hypervolemia/overhydration/edema/interstitial-to-plasma-shift) is above-normal amounts of water in extracellular spaces

__ (hypervolemia/overhydration/edema/interstitial-to-plasma-shift) is movement of fluid from space surrounding cells to blood

the most abundant electrolyte in the ECF is __ (na/mg/ca/k)

__ (na/mg/k/ca) controls h20 distribution

a loss or gain of __ (na/mg/ca/k) means a loss/gain of h2o

__ (hypernatremia/hyponatremia) is related to:

• severe vomiting, diarrhea

• excessive sweating

• water intoxication

• diuretics

the pt is confused, hypotensive, feels nauseous and is vomiting, and complains of muscle weakness and cramps. their sodium levels are 115 mEq/L. later on, she is lethargic, has muscle twicthing, and hemiparesis. what do they have?

a pt is having seizures and is at risk for permanent neuro damage. what nursing intervention must the nurse implicate? select all that apply.

• push IV

• encourage foods with na

• na replacement

• monitor na+ level and specific gravity

• hypertonic iv fluids - 0.9%NS, 3%NS

• H2O restriction

• seizure precautions if severe

__ (hyponatremia/hypernatremia) is related to na gain/loss and lack of fluids, diarrhea, and burns

a pt is very thirsty (major symptom). she complains of restlessness, weakness, dry sticky mucous membranes, and has a fever. when talking to the nurse, she seemed disoriented, and reported having delusions and hallucinations. The pt is tachycardic and has postural hypotension. What does the pt have?

neurologic impairment - brain damage - is a sign of hypernatremia. true or false.

the pt is very thirsty, has tachycardia, and postural hypotension. How would you treat them?

the major intracellular electrolyte is __ (na/mg/k/ca)

__ (na/mg/ca/k) stimulates nerve cells and muscle function

cardiac conduction is related to potassium. true or false.

with k, imbalances can occur __ (slowly/quickly)

small shifts DO NOT have a significant impact with potassium. true or false.

a pt comes in with muscle weakness, leg cramps, and paresthesias (numb.tingling). they also have dysrhythmias and irregular pulses. what does the pt have? (hypernatremia/hyponatremia/hypokalemia/hyperkalemia)

how would you treat a pt with hypokalemia?

a pt complains of muscle weakness and is at risk for paralysis and cardiac dysrhythmias. What does the pt have?

a pt has mild hyperkalemia (<6 mEq/L). what is the appropriate nursing intervention?
a. insulin and dextrose
b. dialysis
c. stop K intake or K-sparing meds
d. give IV push

a pt has severe hyperkalemia. what are the appropriate nursing interventions to treat it? select all that apply.
a. sodium bicarb
b. stop k intake
c. dialysis
d. na polystyrene sulfonate (kayexalate) oral or enema
e. insulin and dextrose

cardiac conduction
nerve impulse control
blood clotting
muscle contraction
b12 absorption

are all r/t __ (na/ca/mg/k)