Back to AI Flashcard MakerBiology /Genetics and Cellular Organization
What is a gene?
A gene is the basic unit of heredity, a segment of DNA that codes for a protein or RNA, and is located on a chromosome.
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
What is a gene?
A gene is the basic unit of heredity, a segment of DNA that codes for a protein or RNA, and is located on a chromosome.
Define genotype.
Genotype is the set of genes in an organism, with viruses having a few and higher organisms having hundreds of thousands.
What is the difference between dominant and recessive alleles?
Dominant alleles mask the expression of recessive alleles in a heterozygous pair.
Describe the structure of DNA.
DNA is a double-helix macromolecule that carries genetic information.
What is the role of RNA in cells?
RNA transcribes genetic information from DNA and is involved in protein synthesis (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA).
Explain the concept of a genome.
A genome is the complete set of genetic information in a cell.
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What is a gene? | A gene is the basic unit of heredity, a segment of DNA that codes for a protein or RNA, and is located on a chromosome. |
Define genotype. | Genotype is the set of genes in an organism, with viruses having a few and higher organisms having hundreds of thousands. |
What is the difference between dominant and recessive alleles? | Dominant alleles mask the expression of recessive alleles in a heterozygous pair. |
Describe the structure of DNA. | DNA is a double-helix macromolecule that carries genetic information. |
What is the role of RNA in cells? | RNA transcribes genetic information from DNA and is involved in protein synthesis (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA). |
Explain the concept of a genome. | A genome is the complete set of genetic information in a cell. |
What is the significance of Mendel's law of segregation? | It states that alleles segregate independently during gamete formation, allowing for genetic variation. |
How do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ? | Prokaryotic cells lack a defined nucleus and organelles, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. |
What is the function of mitochondria? | Mitochondria are responsible for energy production through the oxidation of nutrients, containing their own DNA. |
What occurs during cell differentiation? | Cells develop into different types with specific functions by activating or repressing certain genes. |