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Hair Chemistry: Ch 07 Vocabulary Hair and Scalp Properties
This deck covers key vocabulary and concepts related to hair chemistry, including the structure, properties, and growth phases of hair.
Form the building blocks of protein; link together end to end like pop beads by strong, chemical peptide bonds (end bonds) to form the polypeptide chains that comprise proteins
amino acids
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Form the building blocks of protein; link together end to end like pop beads by strong, chemical peptide bonds (end bonds) to form the polypeptide chains that comprise proteins
amino acids
Also known as the growth phase; hair phase during which new hair is produced
anagen phase
Brief transition period between the growth and resting phases of a hair follicle; signals the end of the growth phase
catagen phase
Small involuntary muscle in the dermis that attaches to the hair follicle; contraction of the muscle causes hair to stand, causing goose-bumps
arrector pilli muscle
Five elements – carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur – that make up human hair, skin, tissue, and nails
COHNS elements
Fibrous protein layer of the hair; responsible for the strength, elasticity, and color of hair
cortex
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Form the building blocks of protein; link together end to end like pop beads by strong, chemical peptide bonds (end bonds) to form the polypeptide chains that comprise proteins | amino acids |
Also known as the growth phase; hair phase during which new hair is produced | anagen phase |
Brief transition period between the growth and resting phases of a hair follicle; signals the end of the growth phase | catagen phase |
Small involuntary muscle in the dermis that attaches to the hair follicle; contraction of the muscle causes hair to stand, causing goose-bumps | arrector pilli muscle |
Five elements – carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur – that make up human hair, skin, tissue, and nails | COHNS elements |
Fibrous protein layer of the hair; responsible for the strength, elasticity, and color of hair | cortex |
Hair that grows straight up or at a different angle than the other hair; usually more noticeable at the crown | cowlick |
Amino acid with a sulfur (S) atom that joins together two peptide strands | cysteine |
Cone-shaped elevation found at the base of the bulb | dermal papilla |
Strong chemical side bond that joins the sulfur atoms of two neighboring cysteine amino acids to create one cysteine, which joins together two polypeptide strands like rungs on a ladder | disulfide bond |
Consists of brown and black pigment and is the predominant pigment in black and brunette hair | eumelanin |
Found at the base of the follicle; has a bulb shape and contains living cells that will form the hair strand | hair bulb |
Outermost layer of hair; formed from cells that resemble shingles on a roof; protects cortex | hair cuticle |
Measures the number of individual hair strands on 1 square inch (2.5 square centimeters) of scalp | hair density |
Ability of the hair to stretch and return to its original length without breaking | hair elasticity |
Tube-like structure in the skin or scalp that surrounds the hair root and anchors the hair in the skin | hair follicle |
Refers to ability of the hair to absorb moisture | hair porosity |
Part of the hair located below the surface of the epidermis | hair root |
Part of the hair that projects above the epidermis | hair shaft |
Hair flowing in the same direction, resulting from follicles sloping in the same direction. | hair stream |
Thickness or diameter of an individual hair strand | hair texture |
Weak physical cross-link side bond that is easily broken by water or heat | hydrogen bond |
Fibrous protein of cells that is also the principal component of skin, hair and nails | keratin |
Process by which newly formed cells in the hair bulb mature, fill with keratin, move upward, lose their nucleus, and die | keratinization |
Bonds created when disulfide bonds are broken by hydroxide chemical hair relaxers | lanthionine bonds |
Short, fine hair that covers a fetus and generally sheds within a few weeks of birth | lanugo hair |
Innermost layer found in coarse hair and beard hair; know as hair's pith or core; absent in fine hair | medulla |
Tiny grains of pigment in the cortex that give natural color to the hair | melanin |
Also known as an end bond; chemical bond that joins amino acids to each other, end-to-end, to form a polypeptide chain | peptide bond |
Yellow to red pigment found in natural blonde to red shades of hair | pheomelanin |
Long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds | polypeptide chain |
Weak physical cross-link side bond between adjacent polypeptide chains that is broken by changes in pH | salt bond |
Also known as oil glands; glands connected to hair follicles; secrete sebum | sebaceous glands |
Fatty or oily secretion that lubricates the skin and preserves the softness of the hair | sebum |
Bonds that cross-link polypeptide chains and are responsible for the extreme strength and elasticity of human hair; account for about one-third of hair's overall strength | side bonds |
Also known as resting phase; the final phase in the hair cycle that lasts until the fully grown hair is shed | telogen phase |
Long, coarse, pigmented hair found on the scalp, legs, arms, and body | terminal hair |
Scientific study of hair and its diseases and care | trichology |
Short, fine, unpigmented hair that appears on the body, often referred to as peach fuzz. It is typically less than one-third inch long (approximately 1 centimeter) and can appear anywhere on the skin apart from the palms, soles, and lips | vellus hair |
Amount of movement or shape of the hair strand; described as straight, wavy, curly, or coily | wave pattern |
Occurs when hair leaves the follicles at an angle; hair grows in a circular pattern on the crown of the head | whorl |