Music and World Cultures Test 2

How did the Lebanese singer Fairuz’s concert in Las Vegas help to reconnect Arab Americans with their Middle Eastern homelands

What is another name for the Sacred Harp tradition

What does the term melismatic text setting refer to?

Which of the following describes the Sacred Harp tradition

What was the primary way that early Arab immigrants to the United States transmitted their native musical styles, keeping them alive in their new homeland?

What is a glissando?

Because many Chinese immigrants to the United States in the early twentieth century considered themselves temporary sojourners, they were motivated to maintain their Chinese cultural traditions.

What is an ‘ud?

Which group underwent voluntary migration?

Which of the following is true of the shape-note style

Shape-note singing is a phenomenon exclusive to the American South

What was the major cause of the first large wave of Chinese immigration to the United States in the mid-nineteenth century?

Sacred harp is a performance

Chinese immigration to the United States around 1850 was a forced migration caused by a protracted Chinese civil war.

Where is one of the epicenters of the Sacred Harp tradition today

The principal plucked chordophone in the Arab world is the:

Which of the following statements about the mawwal Standing on the Shore is true?

What does the term “sacred harp” originally refer to

What does the term mawwal refer to?

In the Sacred Harp tradition, the eldest man present always leads the singing

Which group of Arab immigrants to the United States experienced forced immigration?

When was The Sacred Harp shape-note tunebook first published

People living outside their historic homeland who maintain memories of, and attachments to, their place of origin.

Music transmitted without writing.

The use of a system of music writing

A genre of traditional Chinese vocal music whose texts deal with the concerns of everyday life, performed by men or women in public or private

A melodic or harmonic figure, typically at the end of a phrase or piece, that creates a sense of repose or resolution.

A musical gesture that entails sliding from one pitch to another

A musical form in which aspects of its content are predetermined.

Vocal music in which each syllable of text is sung to one pitch.

Vocal music in which each syllable of the text is sung to many pitches.

Traditional Arab song that alternates sections in free and regular rhythm.

The system governing pitch and melody in Arab music.

Plucked five-stringed Middle Eastern lute with a short neck and a large body with a rounded back

A Middle Eastern trapezoidal zither with twenty-six sets of three strings, played polyphonically with plectra attached to the index fingers of both hands

A small piece of hard material, such as horn, shell, or plastic, used to pluck a stringed instrument.

A pitch that occurs after a metrically strong beat.

A grouping, or measure, of two beats.

A genre of songs, usually with verses and a refrain, that emerged from the musical expression of African American slaves converted to New World Christianity.

A performance practice in which a leader makes a musical statement and another performer (or group of performers) responds with a musical answer

Rhythmic organization based on groupings, or measures, of four beats.

A Vietnamese zither with a pitch-bending bar

A Vietnamese sixteen-stringed zither.

A Vietnamese two-stringed lute

Vietnamese time period of one beat marked by striking a bamboo block.

A group of songs that are composed as a set, sometimes because they have texts by the same poet or are connected thematically in some other way.

A Vietnamese popular song tradition of the French colonial period that used Western instruments and Vietnamese lyrics, and occasionally drew on Vietnamese folk melodies.

A Vietnamese work song.

The process by which music moves from one key or scale type to another.

A melody that contrasts with a main melody, or tune, played at the same time.

What event lies at the root of the present-day Vietnamese diaspora community?

Ca Hue, a type of Vietnamese chamber music, originated in and is associated with which region of Vietnam?

African American spirituals were transformed in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries under the influence of the Western classical music style of the dominant American society.

What is one significant reason that Vietnamese people in refugee camps in Hong Kong and the Philippines mainly sang sad songs and love songs?

What aspects of tan nhac, a Westernized Vietnamese popular-song tradition, are Vietnamese in origin?

What are spirituals?

Which term refers to the large popular musical events that are hosted by Vietnamese diaspora communities in large urban centers?

How were spirituals transformed in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?

What is the major reason that the National Road song cycle is significant to members of the Vietnamese diaspora community?

Oral transmission occurs when music is transmitted from person to person through hearing music performed.

Which term refers to a vocal style in which a soloist and chorus interact by singing alternating lines of melody?

Why do people who have experienced forced migration often maintain their native music traditions?

The migration of many people to North and South America in search of new religious and economic opportunities is best described as:

The dan tranh is a Vietnamese:

Which of the following was a highly influential musical repertory that formed as African American slaves were converted to New World Christianity?

What group of people was historically not permitted to play the drums in Shoshone musical practice?

For what purpose was the modern intertribal powwow begun?

To what other song genre is the narco-corrido sometimes compared?

What is the name of the singer who has played a prominent role in Indian political and social affairs, and is said "to have invented the role of the Native American international activist pop star"?

What is the role of the emcee at powwows?

At the Shoshone Indian Days celebrations, dance competitions are usually:

Which of the following "white man's songs" has been borrowed as a melody for a Shoshone war song?

What ensemble accompanies dancers at modern intertribal powwows?

During which era in the history of music recording did the ethnic recordings market begin to thrive ?

Which of the following is the Native American term that has the same meaning as the Western musical term "to double," meaning to fortify a melody by adding an additional voice?

What political messages are conveyed through the Shoshone Flag Songs?

Why have traditional dances lost some of their popularity at more recent powwows?

What musical aspect of a corrido helps the singer recall its long, detailed texts?

What are hero corridos?

Which of the following corridos exemplifies the transformation of the corrido genre in response to changing political, social, and cultural conditions?

What was the intercultural conflict that shaped the genre of the corrido?

The corrido emerged in the first half of the twentieth century as a song genre shaped by conflict between Mexicans and Anglo-Americans in the Mexico/US border region.

The melody of the pizmon Mifalot Elohim is not an Arab song (it is the melody of the Christmas carol O Tannenbaum), but it is classified by Syrian Jews as maqam ajam. Why?

What is the literal meaning of the term pizmon?

The drum commonly used in the Arab Middle East is called the:

Which is NOT a defining characteristic of a given maqam?

In Arab vocal music, a layali is typically:

What is one way in which the Syrian Jewish community reinforces the connections between the auditory experience of music and other sensory experiences?

Which is referred to as the second line in a jazz funeral?

How does musical performance at haflah celebrations enhance musical memories in the Syrian Jewish community?

Most pizmonim borrow their tunes from Jewish songs.

What is the purpose of the layali introduction in Arab vocal music?

Before the burial at the cemetery, the band in a jazz funeral plays upbeat songs to set the initial tone of celebration.

An evening party, such as an anniversary celebration, in the Syrian Jewish community

A hymn with a Hebrew text set to a melody borrowed from a non-Jewish source

An Arab song form composed in three parts (A B A)

An improvised vocal introduction that establishes a maqam

A song created by writing a new text to a preexisting melody

The Sebet songfest, held on Sabbath afternoons to celebrate special occasions, has played a major role in Syrian Jewish ceremonial life. Which of the following is NOT true of the Sebet?

In jazz funerals, which song is a standard number for the celebratory return from the cemetery?

The jazz funeral emerged from the nineteenth-century New Orleans custom of funeral societies sponsoring funerals, which included music by a brass band.

In Jewish religious tradition, setting a sacred Hebrew text to a non-Jewish melody is believed to bring out the melody’s “holy spark.”

What is the reason that Louis Massry, the composer of the pizmon Ramach Evarai, chose to borrow the melody of a song called The Wheat Song, which had been composed for an Egyptian film thirty-six years earlier?

Period of sound recording and playback initiated by Thomas Edison's 1877 invention of the cylinder phonograph.

78-rpm discs issued from approximately 1900 to 1950, targeted for a particular subgroup united by a shared national, linguistic, racial, or religious background. (page 205)

A neurological condition in which sensations cross between the senses, as when someone hearing music perceives certain pitches as colors.

A flexible term that can refer, depending on the context, to a musical system or a particular series of pitches. Examples of modes are Ge‘ez, major mode, and minor mode. (page 217)

Mexican and Mexican American ballad that portrays a larger-than-life figure. (page 207)

Drug ballads popular along the Mexican/US border. See corrido. (page 207)

New Orleans jazz funeral. A ritual marking the death of a musician that includes a procession with a jazz band. (page 211)

Ensemble that includes various horns and a rhythm section and performs jazz. (page 212)

Sacred vocal genre sung during worship ceremonies. (page 212)

An instrumental lament played at a slow tempo. (page 212)

Ensemble of brass instruments such as trumpet, cornet, trombone, and tuba. (page 212)

People who follow the band in the jazz funeral, dancing as they go. (page 212)

An unpitched membranphone used in bands and orchestras that has rattles (called snares) stretched across one or both heads of the drum. (page 215)

Percussion music to accompany people marching. (page 215)

Hymns sung by Syrian Jews, featuring sacred Hebrew texts set to popular Arab melodies. (page 216)

A song in which new text is set to a borrowed or preexisting melody. (page 217)

The system governing pitch and melody in Arab music. (page 217)

A maqam that resembles the Western major mode. (page 218)

A maqam that resembles the Western minor mode. (page 218)

A series of four pitches in the Middle Eastern music tradition that are a building block of a particular maqam. (page 218)

In Arab vocal music, an improvisation that introduces a song and establishes the maqam used in the rest of the piece. (page 219)

A classical Arab vocal form marked by a regular rhythm and rhyme scheme and a three-part form. (page 219)

A party held among Syrian Jews and other peoples of Middle Eastern descent to celebrate a special occasion such as an anniversary, usually featuring a professional vocalist who sings popular Arabic songs with accompaniment. (page 223)

A rhythmic organization based on groupings, or measures, of three beats. (page 208)

A Middle Eastern membranophone with a goblet shape. (page 230)

A Great Basin people who migrated to the Plains, some settling on the Wind River Reservation in Wyoming

Native American social gatherings that feature ceremonies, celebrations, and dance competitions; formerly pawwaw in the Algonquian language

Annual Native American intertribal gatherings that feature social and competitive events during the days and powwow ceremonies in the evenings

Activity in which dancers perform and are judged comparatively on aspects of dance technique, and style

Native American powwow ensemble of four to six drummers around a large bass drum

Native celebration of good fortune during which gifts are given

powwow dance open to all attendees

series of drum beats in Native American practice

A native American song performed during a powwow flag ceremony to honor the American flag

Procession around dance area by all powwow participants wearing regalia followed by presentation of the flag

A vocal sound of joy or celebration commonly produced by women in Africa and the Middle East

name of first sacred harp book