Back to AI Flashcard MakerMedicine /Pharm Y2S2 - Liver
Describe the blood supply of the liver.
20% from hepatic artery 80% from portal vein
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Term
Definition
Describe the blood supply of the liver.
20% from hepatic artery 80% from portal vein
What are the main functions of the liver?
Storage of glycogen and fat soluble vitamins Synthesis of proteins (albumin) T cell proliferation Clearance/metabolism
Describe the 4 main liver function tests.
Bilirubin- break down of red blood cells Gamma-glutamyl transferase- raised in recent alcohol consumption Alanine aminotransferase- can indicate hepat...
What liver test results can be indicative of hepatocyte damage?
Raised AST, ALT, gamma-GT, total bilirubin
What liver test results can be indicative of cholestatic damage (blockage)?
Increased conjugated bilirubin, alkaline phosphate, cholesterol
What is acute liver disease?
Liver disease lasting less than 6 months due to inflammation/damage to hepatocytes
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Describe the blood supply of the liver. | 20% from hepatic artery 80% from portal vein |
What are the main functions of the liver? | Storage of glycogen and fat soluble vitamins Synthesis of proteins (albumin) T cell proliferation Clearance/metabolism |
Describe the 4 main liver function tests. | Bilirubin- break down of red blood cells Gamma-glutamyl transferase- raised in recent alcohol consumption Alanine aminotransferase- can indicate hepatocyte injury Prothrombin time- represents levels of clotting factors being produced |
What liver test results can be indicative of hepatocyte damage? | Raised AST, ALT, gamma-GT, total bilirubin |
What liver test results can be indicative of cholestatic damage (blockage)? | Increased conjugated bilirubin, alkaline phosphate, cholesterol |
What is acute liver disease? | Liver disease lasting less than 6 months due to inflammation/damage to hepatocytes |
What are the major causes of acute liver disease? | Drugs Acute hepatitis |
What are the most common causes of hepatitis A? | Recent travel |
What are the most common causes of hepatitis B? | Tattoos Blood transfusions |
What is the treatment for hepatitis B? | Healthcare professionals are given vaccinations Tenofovir/entecavir with interferon alpha 2a |
What are the most common causes of hepatitis C? | Blood transfusions IV drug use |
What is the treatment of hepatitis C? | Ribavarin Interferon alpha 2b |
In what conditions can hepatitis D cause liver damage? | Can only propagate in the presence of hepatitis B. |
What is hepatitis E? | Self limiting but does not cause chronic disease. |
What is type A drug induced liver disease? | Predictable, dose dependent and affects most patients with sufficient dose. |
What is type B drug induced liver disease? | Dose independent with a latent period of weeks to months |
Give examples of drugs causing type B drug induced liver disease? | Isoniazid Chlorpromazine |
What is acute hepatitis? | Presents with jaundice but spontaneously recovers |
What is chronic liver disease? | Liver disease lasting over 6 months |
What are the common causes of chronic liver disease? | Hepatitis C Alcohol consumption Primary biliary cirrhosis Autoimmune hepatitis Cancer |
Why can liver disease be difficult to detect? | Symptoms are vague such as fatigue, fever, nausea |
Give examples of specific liver disease symptoms. | Spider naevi Gynecomastia Splenomegaly Oedema Clubbing Xanthelasmas |
What are the symptoms are end stage liver disease? | Hepatic flap Ascites Neurological changes Oesophageal varices |
What is the most common cause of liver disease in the UK? | Alcohol |
What is pruritus? | Build up of bile salts in the skin leading to itching |
What is ascites? | Build cup of fluid in abdominal cavity, treated with diuretics |
What are the symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy? | Abnormal mental state Hepatic flap Fetor hepaticus breath (sweet but fecal) |
What is hepatic encephalopathy? | Build up of toxins, mainly nitrogenous due to reduced liver function |
What is oesophageal varices? | Dilated submucosal veins, large amount of blood loss |
What is the treatment for alcohol withdrawal? | Reducing regime of chlordiazepoxide Vitamin B co-strong and thiamine Water soluble vitamin K |