Back to AI Flashcard MakerMedicine /Pharm Y2S2 - Respiratory Part 2
What is the treatment for major pneumothorax?
Surgery to repair puncture | Removal of lung
Tap or swipe ↕ to flip
Swipe ←→Navigate
1/30
Key Terms
Term
Definition
What is the treatment for major pneumothorax?
Surgery to repair puncture | Removal of lung
Describe stage 1 of the asthma treatment pathway.
Occasional use of short acting beta agonist when required
Describe stage 2 of the asthma treatment pathway.
Use of SABA when required | Addition of low dose inhaled corticosteroid as preventer
Describe stage 3 of the asthma treatment pathway.
Use of SABA when required Low dose inhaled corticosteroid as preventer Addition of long acting beta agonist
Describe add ons at stage 4 of asthma treatment pathway.
Medium ICS dose Continuation of LABA if benefit seen Trial one of: - leukotriene antagonist - Theophylline - LAMA
What are the add ons at stage 5 of the asthma treatment pathway?
High dose ICS Addition of fourth drug: -leukotriene antagonist - theophylline - beta agonist tablet
Related Flashcard Decks
Study Tips
- Press F to enter focus mode for distraction-free studying
- Review cards regularly to improve retention
- Try to recall the answer before flipping the card
- Share this deck with friends to study together
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What is the treatment for major pneumothorax? | Surgery to repair puncture | Removal of lung |
Describe stage 1 of the asthma treatment pathway. | Occasional use of short acting beta agonist when required |
Describe stage 2 of the asthma treatment pathway. | Use of SABA when required | Addition of low dose inhaled corticosteroid as preventer |
Describe stage 3 of the asthma treatment pathway. | Use of SABA when required Low dose inhaled corticosteroid as preventer Addition of long acting beta agonist |
Describe add ons at stage 4 of asthma treatment pathway. | Medium ICS dose Continuation of LABA if benefit seen Trial one of: - leukotriene antagonist - Theophylline - LAMA |
What are the add ons at stage 5 of the asthma treatment pathway? | High dose ICS Addition of fourth drug: -leukotriene antagonist - theophylline - beta agonist tablet |
What is added at stage 6 of the asthma treatment pathway? | Continued use of oral steroids at lowest effective dose alongside high dose ICS |
What are the symptoms of an acute asthma exacerbation? | Cyanosis Drowsiness/unconsciousness Tachycardia Severe dyspnoea PEF <50% Respiratory rate >25 Oxygen sats <92% |
What is the treatment for an acute asthma exacerbation in hospital? | Ipratropium nebulisers 500mcg every 4-6 hours Single dose IV magnesium sulphate IV aminophylline/salbuatmol Oxygen 40-60% |
What is the standard dose of oral steroids in acute asthma? | 40-50mg daily for 5 days |
What is the MOA of beta-2 adrenoceptor agonists? | Mimic adrenaline to increase cAMP levels causing relaxation of smooth muscle |
Give examples of short acting beta agonists and their onset/duration of action. | Salbutamol, terbutaline Onset of 1-5 minutes Duration of 4-6 hours |
Give examples of long acting beta agonists and their onset/duration of action. | Formeterol Onset 1-3 minutes Salmeterol Onset 10-20 minutes Duration of 12 hours |
Give side effects of beta-agonists. | Fine tremor Headache Tachycardia |
What is the MOA of corticosteroids? | Bind glucocorticoid receptors to dissociate heat shock proteins and allow receptors to travel to the nucleus where they bind to DNA blocking genes that code for cytokines for inflammation. |
Give examples of inhaled corticosteroids. | Beclomethasone | Budesonide |
Give examples of oral corticosteroids. | Prednisolone |
Give examples of IV corticosteroids. | Hydrocortisone |
What are the criteria for corticosteroid indication. | Exacerbation in the last 2 years Using SABA at least twice weekly Waking with symptoms once per week |
What are the side effects of corticosteroids? | Oral candidiasis Hoarseness Adrenal suppression Skin thinning Cushing's |
What is the MOA of leukotriene antagonists? | Antagonise broncho-constriction, reducing mucus secretion and airway oedema |
Give examples of leukotriene antagonists. | Montelukast | Zafirlukast |
What are the side effects of leukotriene antagonists? | Abdominal pain Thirst Headache |
What are methylxanthines? | PDE inhibitors that prevent the breakdown of cAMP, preventing broncho-constriction |
Give examples of methylxanthines. | Theophylline | Aminophylline |
Why are leukotriene antagonists not 1st choice drugs in asthma? Give two reasons | Not as effective as beta-agonists | Side effect of thirst can increase risk of bedwetting in children |
Why are methylxanthines not 1st choice drugs in asthma? | Narrow therapeutic window of 10-20mg/L |
What are the side effects of methylxanthines with a dose over 20mg/L? | Insomnia Arrhythmia Hyperglycaemia Convulsions |
What are PDE4 inhibitors? | Reduce production of matrix metallaproteinase, enhancing effects of beta-2 agonists |
Give an example of a PDE4 inhibitor. | Roflumilast |