Back to FlashcardsAnatomy and Physiology / Histology Fetal Development Part 1
Histology Fetal Development Part 1
This deck covers key concepts related to fetal development, including growth measurements, birth weights, prenatal tests, and conditions affecting fetal health.
Fetal Proportional Growth
Tap or swipe ↕ to flip
Swipe ←→Navigate
1/25
Key Terms
Term
Definition
Fetal Proportional Growth
Measures of body length (CRL, lemur length) increase faster than measures of width increase (biparietal diameter, abdominal circumference).
Normal Birth Weight
3200 g (7 lbs)
Low Birth Weight
< 2500 g (5.5 lbs)
Fatal Birth Weight
< 500 g (1.1 lbs)
Small for gestational age (SGA)
< 10th percentile in weight for gestational age, but weight for size is normal
in utero growth retardation (IUGR)
< 10th percentile in weight for gestational age and < 2.5th percentile for abdominal circumference. Mortality is 30 times more likely, mental developm...
Related Flashcard Decks
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Fetal Proportional Growth | Measures of body length (CRL, lemur length) increase faster than measures of width increase (biparietal diameter, abdominal circumference). |
Normal Birth Weight | 3200 g (7 lbs) |
Low Birth Weight | < 2500 g (5.5 lbs) |
Fatal Birth Weight | < 500 g (1.1 lbs) |
Small for gestational age (SGA) | < 10th percentile in weight for gestational age, but weight for size is normal |
in utero growth retardation (IUGR) | < 10th percentile in weight for gestational age and < 2.5th percentile for abdominal circumference. Mortality is 30 times more likely, mental development may be affected. |
Preterm birth | < 37 weeks gestational age. Survival 50% at 24 weeks, 90% at 28 weeks. Skin may appear reddish/wrinkly due to paucity of dermal connective tissue. Primary cause of death is respiratory failure. |
Fetal fibronectin (fFN) test | test for preterm delivery risk: vaginal swab for placental adhesive glycoproteins |
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) | Respiratory distress due to underdeveloped lungs |
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) prenatal treatment | glucocorticoids to promote surfactant secretion in the lung to prevent collapse. |
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) POST-natal treatment | continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) to maintain airway patency. |
Lecithin-sphingomyelin ratio | test for RDS risk. Lecithin should rise relative to sphingomyelin beginning in the 34th week, 2:1 = low RDS risk. Amniotic fluid sampled by amniocentesis or vaginal swab. |
Amniocentesis | sampling amniotic fluid w/ needle guided by ultrasonography. 14-20 weeks for adequate fluid. Fetal calls for karyotyping, fetal metabolites, proteins, hormones, etc. |
Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) | biopsy of chorionic villus w/ needle guided by ultrasonography. 10-14 weeks (after 14 wks, amniocentesis preferred). Slightly higher risk (1-2%), less accurate, earlier karyotyping. |
Maternal serum screening | identifying fetal markers in maternal blood. Looking for a-fetoprotein and hCG levels. False positives numerous. |
a-fetoprotein | fetal marker in maternal blood that can show neural tube defects, GI defects, Down syndrome |
hCG | fetal marker in maternal blood used to test for molar pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, choriocarcinoma, down syndrome. |
Fetoscopy (fetendo) | Encoscopic procedure to visualize the fetus. Invasive, high risk (5-10%), used only in extreme casus |
Percutaneous Umbilical Cord Blood Sampling (PUBS) | sampling of umbilical vein blood for genetic or metabolic disoreders (also called cordocentesis). > 17 weeks (cord large enough), same risk as CVS (1-2%) |
Culdocentesis | extraction of fluid from the peritoneal cavity within the abdomen. Invasive: must penetrate vagina and peritoneum. Looking for blood; indivative of tubal rupture during ectopic pregnancy. |
Dilation and curettage (D and C) | dilation of the cervix and removal of endometrium (scraping or suction). Screens for polyps, cancer, ectopic pregnancy. Placental tissue floats in saline, cancer doesn’t. comparison with hCG levels usually necessary. |
Vernix caseosa | waxy or cheese-like white substance found coating the skin of newborn human babies. Starts developing on the baby in the womb around 18 weeks into pregnancy. |
Lanugo | very fine, soft, and usually unpigmented, downy hair as can be found on the body of a fetusor newborn baby. It is the first hair to be produced by the fetal hair follicles, and it usually appears on the fetus at about 5 months of gestation. |
Amniochorionic membrane (ACM) | Formed by fusion of amnion and chrion. Ruptures prior to birth, ‘water breaking’. |
Amniotic Band Sundrome (ABS) | Premature rupturing of the ACM. Bands/cords of ACM constrict fetal body parts, may affect development of more distal structures. |