Human Anatomy - Tissues

epithelial, nervous, connective, and muscular

A body tissue that covers the interior and exterior surfaces of the body.

A body tissue that carries electrical messages back and forth between the brain and every other part of the body.

A body tissue that provides support for the body and connects all of its parts

Contracts and moves the various parts of the body.

One layer

Layered

Wide Cells, Example: lies blood vessels and lungs

Cube shaped, Cells, Example: Lines kidney tubules

taller than wide Cells, Example: Lines digestive tract

Single layer but some cells shorter than others, often looks like a double layer

Cell division

Examples: Most Glands

Skin, Hair, Fingernails, etc

A type of epithelium that is specialized to perform a particular sensory function; these provide the senses

made in cell and secreted

The basal surface of epithelial tissue is connected to

thin extracellular layer that lies underneath epithelial cells and separates them from other tissues

Tight juctions, Desmosomes junctions, Gap junctions

Membranes of neighboring cells are pressed together, preventing leakage of extracellular fluid

Junction that binds cells together by creating spot welds, on the outer skin
The structures within the heart tissue anchor individual cells together so they wont pull apart during contraction.

Points that provide cytoplasmic channels from one cell to another with special membrane proteins. Also called communicating junctions.

found in bladder, transitions from squamous to cuboidal, capable of stretching

Can be ...
Simple, Stratfied, Pseudo-Stratrified

To aid in movement of food through the lumen

an upper free surface exposed to the body exterior or the cavity of an internal organ

The inside of the a hollow organ (e.g., the somach, intestines, bladder, etc.) or a tube (e.g., blood vessels, ureters, etc.)

A cell, a group of cells, or an organ that produces a secretion for use elsewhere in the body or in a body cavity or for elimination from the body.

release by exocytosis; most exocrine glands are this type of gland. (salivary glands)

The cells in this type of gland rupture in order to make their secretions (Think Sebaceous glands)

-found in axillae, genetalia, ear canal

Sweat glands in the pubic and underarm areas that secrete thicker sweat, that produce odor when come in contact with bacteria on the skin

Connective Tissue

Cells that secrete fibrous proteins which form a molecular network that holds tissue cells in place.

an embryonic connective tissue

Loose connective tissue. Adipose tissue, reticular connective tissue,

dense connective tissue and elastic connective tissue.

cartilage and bone

blood

Non-cellular, fibrous material that ranges from solid -> liquid

provides flexibility and strength

If you gently bend your ear, and then let go, the shape of your ear will return because the cartilage of your ear contains_____.

Fibers made of collagen fibers that are very thin and branched. Forma tightly woven fabric that joins connective tissue to adjacent tissues.

Binds organs together, provides support and protection, fills spaces, produce blood cells, stores fat, other specialized stuff too, basically connective tissue connects stuff

Fills spaces and provides support, binds stuff together

tendons, ligaments

Collagen fibers extending in many directions
found in deep portion of the skin and capsules around organs such as the liver, kidney, and spleen

Tissue that stores fat.

A connective tissue that is more flexible than bone and that protects the ends of bones and keeps them from rubbing together.

Cartilage cells

Small cavities in the bone or cartilage that hold individual bones or cartilage cells.

It is separated by a solid, flexible matrix that have no direct blood supply.

Hyaline cartilage, Elastic cartilage, and Fibrocartilage

fetal skeleton, nose, ends of long bone, tracheal rings, etc

Ear pinna or flap

intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, menicus

protects, provides support/movement, stores fat and minerals, produces ALL blood cells

Bone cells

Bone, very hard matrix of Ca++ slats for rigidity and collagen fibers for elasticity and strength

Liquid connective tissue, functions in transport and other stuff

A body tissue that contracts or shortens, making body parts move.

Muscle tissue

muscles attached to bone that cause body movements


voluntary muscles

involuntary muscle
muscles that act on the lining of the body's passageways and hollow internal organs

involuntary muscles


muscles found only in the walls of your heart

muscle fibers or
myocytes

Function in Communications, Internally or Externally


Tissue that senses stimuli and transmits signals.

Tissues are organized into:, group of tissues that work together to perform closely related functions.

Study of tissues

A body tissue that covers the surfaces of the body, inside and out

the cellular layer that covers external and internal surfaces

Cells at the base of an epithelial layer are attached to this.

One layer

Layered

Scale-like Squished Cells

Cube shaped Cells

Tall and thin Cells

-appears stratified (nuclei at different levels), but ALL cells sit on basement membrane = SIMPLE

Glands of the endocrine system that release hormones into the bloodstream

secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body

Function: Allows passage of materials by diffusion and filtration in sites where protection is not important; secretes lubricating substances in serosae.

Locations: Kidney glomeruli; air sacs of the lungs; lining of heart, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels; lining of ventral body cavity (serosae)

Function: Secretion and absorption

Location: Kidney tubules; ducts and secretory portions of small glands; ovary surface

Function: Absorption; secretion of mucus, enzymes, and other substances; ciliated type propels mucus (or reproductive cells) by ciliated action

LOCATIONS: Lining of stomach, intestine, gallbladder, uterine tubes, and collectin

________ epithelium appears to have two or three layers of cells, but all the cells are in contact with the basement membrane.

Function: Secretes substances, particularly mucus; propulsion of mucus by ciliary action

Location: Nonciliated type in male;s sperm-carrying ducts and ducts of large glands' ciliated variety lines the trachea, most of the upper respiratory tract

Function: protects underlying tissues in areas subject to abrasion.

Location: Nonkerantinized type forms the moist linings of the esophagus, mouth, and vagina; keratinized variety forms the epidermis of the skin, a dry membrane

Function: Protection

Location: Largest ducts of sweat glands, mammary glands, and salivary glands

Function: Protection; secretion

Location: Rare in the body; small amounts in male urethra and in large ducts of some glands

A connective tissue that is more flexible than bone and that protects the ends of bones and keeps them from rubbing together.

Mineralized connective tissue.

A connective tissue with a fluid matrix called plasma in which red blood cells, white blood cells, and cell fragments called platelets are suspended.

Tissue that binds epithelia to underlying tissues and holds organs in place. Contains collagenous, elastic, and recticular fibers.

support and connect organs and other body tissues

Function: attaches muscles to bones or to muscles; attaches bones to bones; withstands great tensile stress when pulling force is applied in one direction

Most widely distributed connective tissue / Soft, pliable tissue / Contains all fiber types / Can soak up excess fluid


Loose connective tissue is also called

Fat tissue

Nonliving

The matrix is responsible for strength associated with connective tissue, but there is a variation in the amount of matrix.


The substance in which animal tissue cells are embedded, consisting of protein and polysaccharides.

fluid or semi-fluid portion of the matrix

Fine Fibers made of collagen fibers that are very thin and branched. Forma tightly woven fabric that joins connective tissue to adjacent tissues.

Yellow Fibers

provides flexibility and strength

Function: Gives rise to all other connective tissue types

Location: Primarily in embryo

Function: Wraps and cushions organs; its macrophages phagocytize bacteria; plays important role in inflammation; holds and conveys tissue fluid

Location: Widely distributed under epithelia of body, e.g., forms lamina propria of mucous membranes; packages organs; surrounds capillaries

Function: Provides reserve fuel; insulates against heat loss; supports and protects organs

Location: Under skin; around kidneys and eyeballs; within abdomen; in breast

Function: Fibers form a soft internal skeleton (Stroma) that supports other cell types, including white blood cells, mast cells, and macrophages

Location: Lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, bone marrow, and spleen)

Function: Attaches muscles to bones or to other muscles; attaches bones to bones; withstands great tensile stress when pulling force is applied in one direction

Location: Tendons, most ligaments, aponeuroses

Function: Allows recoil of tissue following stretching; maintains pulsatile flow of blood through arteries; aids passive recoil of lungs following inspiration

Location: Walls of large arteries; within certain ligaments associated with the vertebral column; within the walls of the bronchial tubes

Function: Able to withstand tension exerted in many directions; provides structural strength

Location: Fibrous capsules of organs and joints; dermis of the skin; submucosa of digestive tract

Function: Supports and reinforces; serves as resilient cushion; resists compressive stress

Location: Forms most of the embryonic skeleton; covers the ends of long bones in join cavities; forms costal cartilages of the ribs; cartilages of the nose, trachea, and larynx

Function: maintains the shape of a structure while allowing great flexibility

Location: Supports the external ear (auricle); epiglottis

Function: Tensile strength with the ability to absorb compressive shock

Location: Intervertebral discs; pubic symphysis; discs of knee joint.

Function: Bone supports and protects; providelevers for the muscles to act on; store calcium and other minerals and fat; marrow inside bones is the site for blood cell formation

Location: Bones

What kind tissue is muscle made of?


A body tissue that contracts, or shortens, making body parts move.

What structures connect the individual heart muscle cells?


Structures in muscle cells that connect heart tissue to ensure a smooth and rapid contraction

Involuntary muscle found inside many internal organs of the body


Muscle tissue in the walls of body organs such as the stomach and intestines. It controls involuntary movement and makes the organs expand and contract.

Function: voluntary movement; locomotion; manipulation of the environment; facial expression; voluntary control

Location: In skeletal muscles attached to bones or occasionally to skin

Function: As it contracts, cardiac muscle propels blood into the circulation; involuntary control

Location: The walls of the heart

Function: Propels substances or a baby along internal passageways; involuntary control.

Location: Mostly in the walls of hollow organs.

Leukocytes