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Kami Export Biological Molecules POGIL

Life’s building blocks are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. These organic molecules support structure, energy, growth, repair, communication, and heredity in all living organisms, from single cells to trees.

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    Biological Molecules What are the building blocks oi life? Why? From the smallest single-celled organism to the tallest tree, all life depends on the properties and reactions of four classes ol organic (carbon-based) cornpounds??: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. These organic molecules are the building blocks of all living things, and are responsible for most of lhe structure and functions of the body, including energy storage, insulation, growth, repair, communica- tion, and transfer ol hereditary information. Simple organic molecules can be [oined together to Jorm all the essential biological molecules needed for life.

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    . I . Use Model 1 to show which atoms are present in each type of molecule by listing the symbol for each atom included. Carbohydrate has been done for you. a. Carbohydrate— C, 1 1 , 0 c Amino acid — 11, 0. N b. Llptd — c H. 0 d. Nucleic acid — C, H. D N P 2. Which type of molecule includes an example with a long-chain carbon backbone? The iipkl rriofecufe has the longest cartori backbone 3- In rhe molecule rel erred to in the previous question, what is rhe dominant element attached to the carbon backbone? The second n-ofil dominant rlen-ent is hydrogen 4. The latly acid chain oi the lipids is ohen referred to as a hydrocarbon chain. Discuss with your group why the chain is given this name and write a one-sentence definition tor a hydrocarbon. A hydrocarbon is an organic compound made of hydrogen arid carbon hence why its caBed hydro carbon 5. Which molecule has a central carbon atom with lour different components around it? Ftio molecule 1bal 'ms a cohlrai carbciTi with our different components around is proleins 6. Which molecule has a sugar, nitrogenous base, and phosphate group? Tin? molrcule with sugar ■ mir . jcrt base phosphor- aie nucleic *cid 7. Discuss with your group members some similarities among all tour types of molecules. List as many as you can. I lrf=v Bit have Carbol,, ■■ /ctroqe' . oxyge? - They all have covalent bonds 8. What is the chemical formula ol the first carbohydrate molecule shown? 9- What three structural groups shown do all amino acids have in common? TbPV ■ - I have ar. amiriF group as w H ■ ■ r.-rhov, acid but not a' : • -ivp I he . ariable 10. 1 here are 20 naturally-occurring ammo acids, ami each one only varies in the structure of I he R side chain. Two amino adds are shown in Mtnlel 1. What are the R side chains in each? Hie R variable for alanine acid is rTietliyl CH-, And For Cysteine Acrd IS Cli -SH Read This! During chemical reactions, the Itonds in molecules are continually broken and reformed. 1 o break a bond, energy must be absorbed. When bonds are formed, energy is released. Il more energy is released than absorbed during a chemical change, rhe process can be used as a source ol energy. A general rule for processes such as respi ration is the more carbon atoms there are in a molecule, the more energy that molecule can provide to the organism when it is used as food.

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