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Test Bank For Principles Of Biochemistry, 4th Edition

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Test Bank For Principles Of Biochemistry, 4th Edition - Page 1 preview imageContentsChapter 1Introduction to Biochemistry1Chapter 2Water10Chapter 3Amino Acids and the Primary Structures of Proteins27Chapter 4Proteins: Three-Dimensional Structure and Function46Chapter 5Properties of Enzymes65Chapter 6Mechanisms of Enzymes85Chapter 7Coenzymes and Vitamins104Chapter 8Carbohydrates119Chapter 9Lipids and Membranes137Chapter 10Introduction to Metabolism153Chapter 11Glycolysis169Chapter 12Gluconeogenesis, The Pentose Phosphate Pathway,and Glycogen Metabolism185Chapter 13The Citric Acid Cycle199Chapter 14Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation213Chapter 15Photosynthesis227Chapter 16Lipid Metabolism241Chapter 17Amino Acid Metabolism256Chapter 18Nucleotide Metabolism269Chapter 19Nucleic Acids284Chapter 20DNA Replication, Repair, and Recombination300Chapter 21Transcription and RNA Processing315Chapter 22Protein Synthesis330Chapter 23Recombinant DNA Technology348
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Test Bank For Principles Of Biochemistry, 4th Edition - Page 2 preview image
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Test Bank For Principles Of Biochemistry, 4th Edition - Page 3 preview imageChapter1IntroductiontoBiochemistry1) Whichelementsaccountformorethan97%oftheweightofmostorganisms?A) C,H,N,Mg,O,SB) C,H,N,O,P,SC) C,H,ND) Fe,C,H,O,PE) Ca2+,K+,Na+,Mg2+,Cl-Answer: BPageRef:Section22) ProteinsinbiologicalmembranesmaybeA) porous.B) attachedtothemembranesurface.C) spanthemembrane.D) AlloftheaboveE) BandConlyAnswer: DPageRef:Section33) Whichstatementaboutcelluloseisfalse?A) Itisthemostabundantpolysaccharideinnature.B) Itsmonomersarejoinedbyglycosidicbonds.C) Itispresentinthestemsoffloweringplants.D) Thehydroxylgroupsofneighboringcellulosemoleculesinteracttoformstrong,insolublefibers.E) Itisabranchedpolymerofglucose.Answer: EPageRef:Section31
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Test Bank For Principles Of Biochemistry, 4th Edition - Page 4 preview image4) WhenKeqofareaction=1,thenA) theforwardreactionisfasterthanthereversereaction.B) thereversereactionisfasterthantheforwardreaction.C) theforwardandreversereactionrateconstantsareequal.D) moreproductsareformedthanreactants.E) fewerproductsareformedthanreactants.Answer: CPageRef:Section45) Whichstatementistrueaboutareactionwithanequilibriumconstant,Keq,equalto1000?A) Theforwardrateconstantis1000timesgreaterthanthereverserateconstant.B) Theforwardrateconstantis3timesgreaterthanreverserateconstant.C) Theforwardrateconstantis1000timessmallerthanthereverserateconstant.D) Theforwardrateconstantis3timessmallerthanthereverserateconstant.E) Thereisnotenoughinformationgiventocomparetheforwardandreverserateconstants.Answer: APageRef:Section46) Thestudyoftheenergychangesduringmetabolicreactionsiscalled________.A) bioinformaticsB) metabodynamicsC) thermometricsD) bioenergeticsE) biologicalheatdynamicsAnswer: DPageRef:Section47) Aspontaneouschemicalreactionalwayshasa________change.A) positiveGibbʹsfreeenergyB) negativeGibbʹsfreeenergyC) positiveenthalpyD) negativeenthalpyE) positiveentropyAnswer: BPageRef:Section42
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Test Bank For Principles Of Biochemistry, 4th Edition - Page 5 preview image8) ProkaryotesarevaluabletoolsforbiochemistsbecauseA)E.coliiswell-studiedandtypicalofprokaryotes.B) theycontainasmanygenesaseukaryoticcells.C) manyoftheirchromosomesaresequenced.D) theyarenotverydiverseorganisms.E) AlloftheaboveAnswer: CPageRef:Section69) Whichcellularcomponentcarriesoutoxidationreactions,someofwhichproducehydrogenperoxide?A) peroxisomesB) mitochondriaC) chloroplastsD) lysosomesE) vacuolesAnswer: APageRef:Section810) WhyisitimportantthattheenzymesinlysosomesaremoreactiveatacidicpHthanatneutralpH?A) Sincelysosomesareprimarilyfoundinthestomachacidofmammals,theirpHdependenceallowsformaximumefficiencyforthedigestionoffoodstuffs.B) Itpreventstheirdiffusionoutofthelysosomes.C) Itmaximizestheinteractionwiththeirsubstrateswhicharealwaysbases.D) Itpreventsthemfromaccidentallydegradingthemacromoleculesinthecytosol.E) Itallowsforregulationoftheiruptakebythemitochondria.Answer: DPageRef:Section811) Moleculesfromlivingcellscannotbesynthesizedoutsideoflivingcells.Answer: FALSEPageRef:Section112) Fermentationintheabsenceofcellsdemonstratedthatmetabolicprocesseswerechemicalinnature.Answer: TRUEPageRef:Section13
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Test Bank For Principles Of Biochemistry, 4th Edition - Page 6 preview image13) Enzymesareproteincatalyststhatformanintermediatewithasubstratethatfitsintoit.Answer: TRUEPageRef:Section114) Themodifiedlock-and-keytheoryofenzymeactionproposedbyEmilFischerhasbeencompletelyreplacedbymoremodernideasofcatalysis.Answer: FALSEPageRef:Section115) Enzymesarenotasefficientasmostcatalystsusedinorganicchemistry,sincetheymustfunctionatbodytemperature.Answer: FALSEPageRef:Section116) Bioinformaticshaspermittedrapidadvancesinourunderstandingofstructuralmacromoleculesfromlivingcells.Answer: TRUEPageRef:Section117) TheroleofDNAasthegeneticmaterialwasconfirmedbytransformingStreptococciinexperimentsperformedseveralyearsafterthefamousWatsonandCrickdescriptionofDNAstructure.Answer: FALSEPageRef:Section118) CrickreferredtotheflowofinformationfromnucleicacidtoproteinastheCentralDogma.Answer: TRUEPageRef:Section119) Functionalgroupsdescribeoneormoreportionsoforganiccompoundsfoundinlivingcells.Answer: TRUEPageRef:Section220) Aphosphateestercontainsaphosphatefunctionalgroup.Answer: TRUEPageRef:Section221) Undermostbiologicalconditions,acidgroupsandaminogroupsarefullyprotonated.Answer: FALSEPageRef:Section24
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Test Bank For Principles Of Biochemistry, 4th Edition - Page 7 preview image22) Removalofwaterfromresiduesofamacromoleculeresultsintheformationofthatmacromolecule.Answer: TRUEPageRef:Section323)Mristhemassofamoleculerelativeto1/12themassofanatomofthemostcommonisotopeofcarbon.Answer: TRUEPageRef:Section324) Biochemistsdescribingthemolecularweightofaproteinreallymeantheatomicweightingrams.Answer: FALSEPageRef:Section325) Theabsolutemolecularmassofmacromoleculesisgivenindaltons,where1dalton=1atomicmassunit.Answer: TRUEPageRef:Section326) Apeptidebondisformedbythecondensationofdifferentfunctionalgroupsfromtwoaminoacids.Answer: TRUEPageRef:Section327) Theconformationofaproteinenzymedetermineswhetheritisfunctionalornot.Answer: TRUEPageRef:Section328) Lysozymeisanenzymewithacleftordepressionatitsactivesite.Answer: TRUEPageRef:Section329) TheHaworthprojectionoftheringformofamonosaccharidealwaysshowsaflatplanewithoneedgeprojectingoutofthepage(usingthickerlines).Answer: TRUEPageRef:Section330) SugarswithsixcarbonsaretheonlyonescapableofformingaringstructureasshowninaHaworthprojection.Answer: FALSEPageRef:Section35
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Test Bank For Principles Of Biochemistry, 4th Edition - Page 8 preview image31) ATPcontainsbothphosphoesterandphosphoanhydridelinkages.Answer: TRUEPageRef:Section332) AphosphodiesterlinkageinDNAcontainstwophosphorousatoms.Answer: FALSEPageRef:Section333) Lipidsaggregatetoformbilayersbecausesomelipidmoleculesarehydrophobicandotherlipidmoleculesarehydrophilic.Answer: FALSEPageRef:Section334) Thermodynamicsanditslawsareobeyedbylivingcells.Answer: TRUEPageRef:Section435) Thetendencyofametabolicreactiontoproceedisduetothefreeenergyofboththereactantsandproductsaswellasthechangeinrandomnessofthatreaction.Answer: TRUEPageRef:Section436) Biochemicalreactionsaremorelikelytoproceedifthereactionhasanincreaseinenthalpy(â–³H)andadecreaseinentropy(â–³S).Answer: FALSEPageRef:Section437) Allprokaryoticcellsareabout1/10thesizeofanaverageeukaryoticcellorsmaller.Answer: FALSEPageRef:Section538) Allcellshavekeptthesamegeneralpatternsofmetabolism,averysimilargeneticcodeandthesamemonomersorresidues.Answer: TRUEPageRef:Section539) Eukaryotesincludeplants,animalsandbacteria.Answer: FALSEPageRef:Section56
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Test Bank For Principles Of Biochemistry, 4th Edition - Page 9 preview image40) Theonlyreasonphagesarenotconsideredtobecellsisbecausetheydonotcontainaplasmamembrane.Answer: FALSEPageRef:Section641) Diffusionisanadequatemeansofdistributingnutrientsinprokaryoticcytoplasmbecausetheyhavemoresurfaceareathanvolumecomparedtomosteukaryotes.Answer: TRUEPageRef:Section742) Eukaryoticcellsaredistinguishedfromprokaryotesbytheirusuallylargersize,acomplexcytoskeletonandmembrane-boundedorganelles.Answer: TRUEPageRef:Section743) Chloroplastsareorganellesfoundinplants,algaeandsomeprotistsandarethesiteofphotosynthesis.Answer: TRUEPageRef:Section744) TheendoplasmicreticulumisthemajorsiteofRNAsynthesisandthesiteofassemblyofribosomes.Answer: FALSEPageRef:Section845) Thenuclearenvelopeisamembranethatsurroundsthenucleusandiscontinuouswiththeendoplasmicreticulum.Answer: TRUEPageRef:Section846) RibosomesonthesurfaceofroughendoplasmicreticulumarethesiteofATPsynthesis.Answer: FALSEPageRef:Section847) TheGolgiapparatusconsistsofflattened,fluid-filled,membranoussacsandisresponsibleforchemicalmodificationandsortingofsomebiomolecules.Answer: TRUEPageRef:Section848) Mitochondriaarethemainsitesofenergytransductioninaerobiceukaryoticcells.Answer: TRUEPageRef:Section87
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Test Bank For Principles Of Biochemistry, 4th Edition - Page 10 preview image49) ThemitochondriaandGolgiapparatusaretwoorganelleswhichoriginatedfrombacteriaandwereincorporatedintoeukaryoticcellsviasymbiosis.Answer: FALSEPageRef:Section850) Inananimalcell,DNAcanbefoundonlyinthenucleus.Answer: FALSEPageRef:Section851) Actinhasbeenshowntobeoneofthemostevolutionarilyconservedproteins.Itispresentinalleukaryoticcellsandfrequentlyisthemostabundantproteininthecell.Answer: TRUEPageRef:Section852) Themitoticspindlesareformedfrommicrotubuleproteins.Answer: TRUEPageRef:Section853) Thefilamentfibersinthecytoskeletonarecomposedprimarilyofcarbohydratemolecules.Answer: FALSEPageRef:Section854) Thediffusionoflargemoleculessuchasenzymesissignificantlyslowedbythepresenceofthecytoskeleton.Answer: TRUEPageRef:Section855) Ineukaryoticcellslysosomesarespecializeddigestivevesicleswithahighlyacidicinterior.Answer: TRUEPageRef:Section856) Theprocessofcelldivisionthatoccursinthetissuesiscalledmitosis.Answer: TRUEPageRef:Section857) Photosynthesisinvolvescapturingenergyfromlightthatisthenusedtodrivetheformationofcarbohydratesfromcarbondioxideandwater.Answer: TRUEPageRef:Section88
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Test Bank For Principles Of Biochemistry, 4th Edition - Page 11 preview image58) ThechemicalnameforATPisalaninetriphosphate.Answer: FALSEPageRef:Section859) Absolutezeroisequalto0°C.Answer: FALSEPageRef:Appendix60) OneAngstromisequalto1×10-10meters.Answer: TRUEPageRef:Appendix9
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Test Bank For Principles Of Biochemistry, 4th Edition - Page 12 preview imageChapter2Water1) Whichisnotaproperwaytoformahydrogenbond?(ThesymbolʺRʺrepresentsageneralorganicgroup.Thehydrogenbondingisrepresentedbydashedlines.)A) IB) IIC) IIID) IVAnswer: BPageRef:Section12) Whichstatementdoesnotexplainthepolarityofwater?A) Oxygenismoreelectronegativethanhydrogen.B) Watermoleculeshaveabentgeometry(V-shaped).C) Theoxygeninwaterhassp2hybridorbitals.D) Inwaterthehydrogencarriesapartialpositivecharge(δ+).Answer: CPageRef:Section13) Whichsubstancedoyouexpecttobemostsolubleinwater?A) ammonia,NH3B) methane,CH4C) carbondioxide,CO2D) nitrogen,N2Answer: APageRef:Section110
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Test Bank For Principles Of Biochemistry, 4th Edition - Page 13 preview image4) Whatisthemaximumnumberofhydrogenbondsthatonewatermoleculecanhavewithneighboringwatermolecules?A) 1B) 2C) 3D) 4Answer: DPageRef:Section25) Theabundanceofwaterinthecellsandtissueshelpstominimizetemperaturefluctuations.Thisisduetowhatpropertyofwater?A) densityB) viscosityC) specificheatD) boilingpointAnswer: CPageRef:Section26) Compoundsthationizewhendissolvedinwaterarecalled________.A) electrolytesB) polarcompoundsC) hydrophobiccompoundsD) amphipathiccompoundsAnswer: APageRef:Section37) ElectrolytesdissolvereadilyinwaterbecauseA) theyareheldtogetherbyelectrostaticforces.B) theyarehydrophobic.C) watermoleculescanclusteraboutcations.D) watermoleculescanclusteraboutanions.E) watermoleculescanclusteraboutcationsandanions.Answer: EPageRef:Section38) Amoleculeorionissaidtobehydratedwhenit________.A) isneutralizedbywaterB) issurroundedbywatermoleculesC) reactsandformsacovalentbondtowaterD) aggregateswithothermoleculesorionstoformamicelleinwaterAnswer: BPageRef:Section311
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Test Bank For Principles Of Biochemistry, 4th Edition - Page 14 preview image9) Whichwouldyouexpecttobemostsolubleinwater?A) IB) IIC) IIID) IVAnswer: APageRef:Section310) SolutesdiffusemoreslowlyincytoplasmthaninwaterbecauseofA) thehigherviscosityofwater.B) thehigherheatofvaporizationofwater.C) thepresenceofmanycrowdedmoleculesinthecytoplasm.D) theabsenceofchargedmoleculesinsidecells.Answer: CPageRef:Section311) The________pressureisthepressurerequiredtopreventtheflowofsolventthroughasolvent-permeablemembranethatseparatestwosolutionsofdifferentsoluteconcentration.A) hydrostaticB) electromotiveC) osmoticD) partialAnswer: CPageRef:Section312
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Test Bank For Principles Of Biochemistry, 4th Edition - Page 15 preview image12) Whichistrueaboutthesolubilityofelectrolytesinwater?A) Theyareallinsolubleinwater.B) Theyareusuallyonlysparinglysolubleinwater.C) Theyoftenformsuper-saturatedaqueoussolutions.D) Theyreadilydissolveandionizeinwater.Answer: DPageRef:Section313) Whatisthedifferencebetweenaparticlebeinghydratedversusbeingsolvated?A) Ahydratedparticleissurroundedbyashellofwater.Asolvatedmoleculeissurroundedbyashellofsolventmolecules,notnecessarilywater.B) Thetermshydratedandsolvatedmeanexactlythesamething.C) Ahydratedparticlehasreactedwithhydrogen.Asolvatedparticleisdissolvedinasolvent.D) Thewordhydratedisusedonlywhenthesoluteisanelectrolyte.Answer: APageRef:Section314) TheosmoticpressureofanaqueoussolutiondependsonA) thechemicalnatureofthesolute.B) themolarconcentrationofsolute.C) thehydrophobiceffectofthesolute.D) Alloftheabove.E) Noneoftheabove.Answer: BPageRef:Section315) Theosmoticpressureofa0.010Msucrose(C12H22O11)solutionat25°Cis0.24atm.Howdoestheosmoticpressureofa0.010Mglucose(C6H12O6)solutionat25°Ccomparetothis?Notethatneithersoluteisvolatileorionizable.A) Theglucosesolutionhasalowerosmoticpressurebecauseitsmolarmassislowerthansucrose.B) Theglucosesolutionhasahigherosmoticpressurebecauseitsmolarmassislowerthansucrose.C) Theosmoticpressuresareequalbecausethesolutionshavethesamemolarconcentration.D) Nothingcanbesaidabouttheosmoticpressureoftheglucosesolutionwithoutmoreinformation.Answer: CPageRef:Section313
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Test Bank For Principles Of Biochemistry, 4th Edition - Page 16 preview image16) Oilandwaterdonotformasolutiondueto________.A) thehydrophobiceffectB) theinabilityofoiltohydrogenbondwithwaterC) thenonpolarityofoilD) Alloftheabove(A-C)E) AandConlyAnswer: DPageRef:Section417) Moleculesthatarebothhydrophobicandhydrophilicare________.A) amphipathicB) amphotericC) bipolarD) notpossibleAnswer: APageRef:Section418) Whichmoleculeorionbelowisamphipathic?A) H2NCH2COOH(glycine)B) H2OC) CH3(CH2)14COO-D) CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3Answer: CPageRef:Section419) Whichstatementexplainsthecleaningactionofsoapongreasydishes?A) Thesoapchangesthewater-solubilityofthegreasesothatitiseasilydissolvedbythewater.B) Thegreaseistrappedinsidethehydrophobicinteriorofmicellesmadeofsoapmolecules.C) Thesoapchemicallybreaksdownthegreaseintosmaller,morewater-solublemolecules.D) Thesoaphydratesthegreasewithitspolarheadgroupsandholdsitinsuspension.Answer: BPageRef:Section420) Someionssuchasthiocyanatethatarepoorlysolvatedinwaterandcanenhancethesolubilityofnonpolarcompoundsinwaterbydisorderingthewatermoleculesarecalled________.A) azeotropesB) hydrophobicionsC) zeolytesD) chaotropesAnswer: DPageRef:Section414
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Test Bank For Principles Of Biochemistry, 4th Edition - Page 17 preview image21) WhichofthefollowingisNOTaʺweakʺinteraction?A) hydrogenbondsB) vanderWaalsforcesC) disulfidebondsD) ionicinteractionsE) hydrophobicinteractionsAnswer: CPageRef:Section522) Whichofthefollowingweakinteractionsisnotanelectrostaticinteraction?A) hydrogenbondsB) charge-chargeinteractionsC) hydrophobicinteractionsD) vanderWaalsforcesAnswer: CPageRef:Section523) Whichofthesenoncovalentforcesinbiologicalsystemsisusuallythestrongest?A) hydrogenbondsB) LondondispersionforcesC) hydrophobicinteractionsD) vanderWaalsforcesAnswer: APageRef:Section524) Hydrogenbondscanoccurwhenhydrogeniscovalentlybondedtoatomslikenitrogenandoxygen.Whatpropertyofnitrogenandoxygenisimportantforthis?A) atomicmassB) ionizabilityC) hydrophobicityD) electronegativityAnswer: DPageRef:Section525) Attractionsofoppositelychargedfunctionalgroupsofproteinsaresometimescalled________.A) saltbridgesorionpairingB) disulfidebridgesC) LondonbridgesD) hydrophilicbridgesAnswer: APageRef:Section515
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Test Bank For Principles Of Biochemistry, 4th Edition - Page 18 preview image26) Whichistrueabouthydrogenbondingforbiologicalmolecules?A) Hydrogenbondsarestrongenoughtoconferstructuralstability,forexampleinDNA.B) Hydrogenbondsareweakenoughtobeeasilybroken(weakerthancovalentbonds).C) Theycontributetothewatersolubilityofmanymacromolecules.D) AlloftheaboveAnswer: DPageRef:Section527) LondondispersionforcesareattractiveforcesthatariseduetoA) infinitesimaldipolesgeneratedbytheconstantrandommotionofelectrons.B) permanentdipolesofmoleculescontainingcovalentbondsbetweenatomsofverydifferentelectronegativities.C) thehydrophobiceffect.D) ionpairingbetweenoppositelychargedfunctionalgroups.Answer: APageRef:Section528) TheaggregationofnonpolarmoleculesorgroupsinwateristhermodynamicallyduetotheA) increasedentropyofthenonpolarmoleculeswhentheyassociate.B) decreasedenthalpyofthesystem.C) increasedentropyofthewatermolecules.D) verystrongvanderWaalsforcesamongthenonpolarmoleculesorgroups.Answer: CPageRef:Section529) WaterclusteredaboutnonpolarmoleculescontributetohydrophobicinteractionsbecauseA) Theirnumberisminimizedtoincreasethetotalentropyofwater.B) Nonpolarmoleculesaremorehighlyorganizedthanpolarmolecules.C) Watermoleculesinthecellaremoreorganizedintheregionsawayfromthenonpolarmolecule.D) AlloftheaboveE) BandCAnswer: APageRef:Section516
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Test Bank For Principles Of Biochemistry, 4th Edition - Page 19 preview image30) ThethreedimensionalstructureofmostproteinsislargelydeterminedbyA) otherproteinswhichfoldthem.B) weaknoncovalentinteractions.C) denaturation.D) hydrogenbonds.E) AlloftheaboveAnswer: BPageRef:Section531) TheoxygenatomofwaterisnucleophilicbecauseA) ithasanegativeoxidationnumber.B) itcarriesapartialpositivecharge.C) ithastwounsharedpairofelectrons.D) itseekselectron-richmolecules.E) AlloftheaboveAnswer: CPageRef:Section632) Waterisanucleophile,yetitdoesnotusuallyhydrolyzemacromoleculesincellsbecauseA) covalentbondslinkingmacromoleculesubunitsarestableatcellpH.B) covalentbondslinkingmacromoleculesubunitsarestableatcelltemperature.C) theconcentrationofwaterismuchtoosmallincells.D) AandBAnswer: DPageRef:Section633) EnzymeswhichcondensesubunitsofmacromoleculesduringtheirsynthesisusuallyA) transferanacylorcarbonylgrouptoanelectrophile.B) excludewaterfromtheactivesite.C) containinhibitorsofhydrolases.D) arecatalyzingthermodynamicallyfavoredreactions.E) AlloftheaboveAnswer: BPageRef:Section617
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Test Bank For Principles Of Biochemistry, 4th Edition - Page 20 preview image34) Theion-productconstantforwater,Kw,isA) 1x10-7M2.B) 1x10-7M.C) 1x10-14M2.D) 1x10-14M.Answer: CPageRef:Section735) Inpurewaterhydroniumionsareformedby________attackofoxygenonaprotoninanadjacentwatermolecule.A) ionicB) nucleophilicC) electrophilicD) covalentAnswer: BPageRef:Section736) PurewaterhasaconcentrationofA) 18g/ml.B) 1g/ml.C) 1000g/ml.D) 55M.Answer: DPageRef:Section737) Whichstatementbestcharacterizesthedistributionofchargeinthehydroniumion,H3O+?A) Thepositivechargeisdistributedoveralloftheatomsintheion.B) Thepositivechargeislocalizedonlyontheoxygenatom.C) Thepositivechargeisdistributedbetweenthethreehydrogenatomsonly.D) Thepositivechargeislocalizedononlyoneofthehydrogenatoms.Answer: APageRef:Section738) Whichstatementbelowistrueabouttherelativelifetimeofahydrogenbond,comparedtotherateofwaterʹsionizationtohydroxideionsandhydroniumions?A) Thestrengthofhydrogenbondingmakesitsdissociationmuchslowerthantheionizationofwater.B) Therateofdissociationofahydrogenbondisthesameorderofmagnitudeastherateofionizationofwater.C) Thetworatesarelinkedinsuchawaythatthemorethewaterisionized,thestrongerandlongerlastinghydrogenbondingwillbe.D) Thelifetimeofawatermoleculebeforeitisionizedisabout109greaterthanthelifetimeofahydrogenbond.Answer: DPageRef:Section718
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Test Bank For Principles Of Biochemistry, 4th Edition - Page 21 preview image39) Theself-ionizationofwateris________.A) aunimoleculardissociationofasinglewatermoleculetoH+andOH-B) abiomolecularreactionbetweentwowatermoleculestoyieldH3O+andOH-C) aresultofhydrophobicinteractionsD) atermolecularreactioninvolvingthesimultaneouscollisionofH2O,H+andOH-Answer: BPageRef:Section740) Howdoestheion-productofwater,Kw,relatetotheequilibriumconstant,Keq,forthedissociationreactionofwater?A) KwisfoundbymultiplyingKeqbytheconcentrationofwater.B) KwjustanothersymbolforKeq,sotheyareequal.C) KwisfoundbydividingKeqbytheidealgasconstant.D) KwisfoundbymultiplyingKeqbytheconcentrationsofhydroniumionandhydroxideion.Answer: APageRef:Section741) Asolutioncontaining10-8MHCland10-8MaceticacidcontainsH+whichissuppliedmostlybyA) thestrongacid.B) theweakacid.C) boththestrongandtheweakacids.D) water.E) AlloftheaboveAnswer: DPageRef:Section842) BasicsolutionsformwhenchemicalsaredissolvedinwaterandremoveA) OH-.B) H+.C) Na+.D) AandBE) A,BandCAnswer: BPageRef:Section819
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Test Bank For Principles Of Biochemistry, 4th Edition - Page 22 preview image43) ThepHofa10-4MsolutionofHClisA) 3.B) 3.5.C) 4.D) 4.5.E) greaterthan4.5.Answer: CPageRef:Section844) ComparesolutionAwithpH=4tosolutionBwithpH=6.A) TheconcentrationofhydroniumioninsolutionAistwicethatinsolutionB.B) SolutionAhasgreaterbufferingcapacitythansolutionB.C) TheconcentrationofhydroniumioninsolutionAis100timesthatinsolutionB.D) ThehydroxideconcentrationsareequalinthetwosolutionssincepHonlymeasurestheconcentrationofH+.Answer: CPageRef:Section845) IfhumanbloodisnotmaintainedatclosetopH=7.4,apersoncandevelopA) acidosis.B) alkalosis.C) diabetes.D) BothAandBE) NoneoftheaboveAnswer: DPageRef:Section846) TheHenderson-HasselbalchequationcanbeusedtocalculateA) thepHofasolutionofanorganicacid.B) theamountofsaltandacidtoaddtoformaspecificbuffer.C) thepKaofaweakacid.D) AlloftheaboveE) AandConlyAnswer: DPageRef:Section920
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Test Bank For Principles Of Biochemistry, 4th Edition - Page 23 preview image47) Theratiooftheconcentrationofa________over________describestheproportionsofformsofaweakacidnecessarytosatisfytheHenderson-Hasselbalchequation.A) conjugateacid;conjugatebaseB) conjugatebase;conjugateacidC) protondonor;protonacceptorD) protonacceptor;protondonorE) BandDAnswer: EPageRef:Section948) AtthemidpointofatitrationcurveA) theconcentrationofaconjugatebaseisequaltotheconcentrationofaconjugateacidB) thepHequalsthepKaC) theabilityofthesolutiontobufferisbestD) AlloftheaboveE) AandBonlyAnswer: DPageRef:Section949) Histidinecontainsanimidazolegroupwhichistitratable.AhistidinebuffercanbepreparedusingA) NaOHandhistidine.B) NaOHandimidazoliumion.C) imidazoliumionandimidazole(conjugatebase).D) HClandimidazole.E) AlloftheaboveAnswer: EPageRef:Section950) TheimidazoliumionhasapKa=7.0.ImidazoliumbufferscanbepreparedforpHvaluesofA) 6.5to7.5.B) 6.1to7.1.C) 5.5to8.5.D) 6.0to8.0.E) 6.0to7.5.Answer: DPageRef:Section921
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Test Bank For Principles Of Biochemistry, 4th Edition - Page 24 preview image51) SinceHClisastrongaciditsvalueofKais________.A) effectivelyequaltoinfinityB) equaltoKwC) zeroD) dependentontheconcentrationofHClAnswer: APageRef:Section952) ForaweakacidwithapKa=6.5,theeffectivebufferingrangeisusuallyconsideredtobeA) pH6topH7.B) pH6.4topH6.6.C) pH5.5topH7.5.D) dependentonthemolarityoftheacid.E) BandCAnswer: CPageRef:Section1053) BloodpHisprimarilyregulatedbyA) aproteinbuffersystem.B) thecarbondioxide-carbonicacid-bicarbonatebuffersystem.C) thephosphatebufferingsystem.D) carbonicacid(H2CO3).E) BandCAnswer: BPageRef:Section1054) IntracellularbuffersincludeA) proteins.B) inorganicphosphate.C) hemoglobin.D) BothAandBE) A,BandCAnswer: DPageRef:Section1022
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Test Bank For Principles Of Biochemistry, 4th Edition - Page 25 preview image55) pKavaluesofphosphoricacidare2.2,7.2and12.7.AphosphatebufferofpH=7.4canbepreparedusingA) H2PO4-andHPO42-.B) HPO42-andPO43-.C) H3PO4andHCl.D) NoneoftheaboveAnswer: APageRef:Section1056) AceticacidhasapKaof4.8.Howmanymillilitersof0.2Maceticacidand0.1Msodiumacetatearerequiredtoprepare1literof0.1MbuffersolutionhavingapHof4.8?A) 500mlaceticacidand500mlsodiumacetateB) 250mlaceticacidand250mlsodiumacetate,then500mlwaterC) 250mlaceticacidand500mlsodiumacetate,then250mlwaterD) 500mlaceticacidand250mlsodiumacetate,then250mlwaterAnswer: BPageRef:Section1057) ThepHofhumanbloodismaintainedat7.4byA) bufferingproteins.B) carbondioxide-carbonicacidbuffersystems.C) abicarbonatebuffersystem.D) BandCE) A,BandCAnswer: DPageRef:Section1058) Thesolubilityruleʺlikedissolveslikeʺrefersprimarilytosimilaritiesinamphipathicnaturebetweenthesoluteandsolvent.Answer: FALSEPageRef:Section159) Thehydrogenbondingbetweenwatermoleculesinicegiveswateranunusuallylowmeltingpointcomparedtoothermoleculesofsimilarsizeandmolecularweightthatcannotformhydrogenbonds.Answer: FALSEPageRef:Section260) Thewatersolubilityofalcoholswithasinglehydroxylgroupincreasesasafunctionofmolecularweight.Answer: FALSEPageRef:Section323
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Test Bank For Principles Of Biochemistry, 4th Edition - Page 26 preview image61) Ahydratedpotassiumionissurroundedbyashellofwatermoleculesorientedprimarilywiththeiroxygenatomstowardthepotassiumion.Answer: TRUEPageRef:Section362) Inthedetergent,sodiumdodecylsulfate,thesulfategroupsareveryhydrophobic.Answer: FALSEPageRef:Section463) VanderWaalsforcesareverystronglyrepulsiveatshortnucleardistancesandveryweakatlonginternucleardistances.Answer: TRUEPageRef:Section564) Thecombinedeffectofmanyweaknoncovalentinteractionscanbeverysignificantindeterminingfactorssuchasthree-dimensionalstructureforlargebiologicalmolecules.Answer: TRUEPageRef:Section565) Watermoleculesthatsurroundalesspolarmoleculeinsolutionareimmobileandordered.Answer: TRUEPageRef:Section566) ThestrengthofvanderWaalsforcesbetweentwomoleculeschangesasthedistancebetweenthemchanges.Answer: TRUEPageRef:Section567) TheattractiveforcebetweentwoatomsismaximizedwhentheyareseparatedbythesumoftheirvanderWaalsradii.Answer: TRUEPageRef:Section568) Saltbridgesareoftenfoundonthesurfacesofproteinswheretheyarestabilizedbywater.Answer: FALSEPageRef:Section569) Hydrogenbondsintheinteriorofaproteinorothermacromoleculearestrongerthanthoseontheexterior.Answer: FALSEPageRef:Section524
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Test Bank For Principles Of Biochemistry, 4th Edition - Page 27 preview image70) Micellesarestabilizedinwaterbyinteractionsofnonpolarmoleculeswitheachother.Answer: TRUEPageRef:Section571) Hydrophobicinteractionsaresometimescalledʺbondsʺ,becauseeachoneisasstrongasacovalentbond.Answer: FALSEPageRef:Section572) Proteinsdissolvedinwatercanbehydrolyzedbynucleophilicattackfromthewatermolecules.Answer: TRUEPageRef:Section673) Anintermediateformedbytheenzymeglutaminesynthetase,gamma-glutamylphosphate,israpidlyhydrolyzedbywateriftheenzymeisnotaroundtoprotectit.Answer: TRUEPageRef:Section674) Whenacidisaddedtopurewater,Kw,theion-productconstantofwater,changes.Answer: FALSEPageRef:Section775) Theequilibriumconstantofwater(Keq)istheratethatdissociationofthemoleculeoccursatroomtemperature.Answer: FALSEPageRef:Section776) TheH+(orH3O+)incellsisthesameconcentrationasthatofundissociatedwater.Answer: FALSEPageRef:Section877) Hyperventilationcanresultinalkalosisbecausethereisexcessivelossofcarbondioxideand,thereforealossofcarbonicacid.Answer: TRUEPageRef:Section878) SincethepKaofaceticacidis4.8,itcanbeusedtoprepareabuffertomaintainphysiologicalpH.Answer: FALSEPageRef:Section925
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Test Bank For Principles Of Biochemistry, 4th Edition - Page 28 preview image79) ThebufferingcapacityofaweakacidanditsconjugatebaseisstrongestwhenthepH=pKa.Answer: TRUEPageRef:Section1080) Syntheticcompoundsusedasbuffersarenotasvaluableforexperimentsasnaturallyoccurringcompoundsusedasbuffers.Answer: FALSEPageRef:Section1026
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Test Bank For Principles Of Biochemistry, 4th Edition - Page 29 preview imageChapter3AminoAcidsandthePrimaryStructuresofProteins1) AminoacidsarenamedthatbecauseeachoneA) isauniquecarboxylicacid.B) hasastandardconfiguration.C) isacarboxylderivativeofanamideacid.D) isanaminoderivativeofacarboxylicacid.Answer: DPageRef:Section12) AminoacidsfoundinmeteoritesandnearstarsareA) Disomersonly.B) Lisomersonly.C) BothDandLisomers.D) notisomers.Answer: CPageRef:Section13) ThelastcommonancestorofmodernorganismsmusthaveusedA) bothDandLaminoacids.B) Daminoacids.C) Laminoacids.D) eitherDorLaminoacids.Answer: CPageRef:Section14) IftheRgroupofanaminoacidis-CH3,thenthenameofthiscompoundisA) methylaminoacid.B) 2-aminopropanoicacid.C) alanine.D) AlloftheaboveE) BandCAnswer: EPageRef:Section127
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Test Bank For Principles Of Biochemistry, 4th Edition - Page 30 preview image5) Aminoacidswithnon-ionizablesidechainsarezwitterionswhentheyare________.A) inanysolutionB) atphysiologicalpH,pH=7.4C) inacidicsolutionsonlyD) inalkalinesolutionsonlyE) AlloftheaboveAnswer: BPageRef:Section16) GlycineisnotastereoisomerbecauseA) ithasnochiralcarbon.B) itdoesnotformenantiomers.C) itdoesnotexistintwonon-superimposablemirror-imageforms.D) AlloftheaboveE) AandBonlyAnswer: DPageRef:Section17) AnaminoacidwithtwochiralcarbonatomsA) isunstable.B) canexistin4formsallofwhicharesuperimposable.C) canformthreepossiblestereoisomers.D) canformfourpossiblestereoisomers.E) canformfivepossiblestereoisomers.Answer: DPageRef:Section18) TheRSsystemofnomenclaturedescribesA) aminoacidsnoteasilydescribedbytheDLsystem.B) thewaytheRgroupsarearranged.C) thechiralcarboncentersofaminoacids.D) thestrengthofthechemicalgroupsinaminoacids.Answer: CPageRef:Section128
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Test Bank For Principles Of Biochemistry, 4th Edition - Page 31 preview image9) TheRgroupofanaminoaciddeterminesifitisA) hyrophilicorhydrophobic.B) polarornonpolar.C) chargedoruncharged.D) anacidorabase.E) AlloftheaboveAnswer: EPageRef:Section110) Prolineisdistinctamongthe20commonlyfoundaminoacidsbecauseA) itisaringcompound.B) itishydrophilicandionic.C) thenitrogenoftheaminogroupisinaring.D) thecarbonofthecarboxylgroupisinaring.E) ithaslittleeffectonproteinstructure.Answer: CPageRef:Section211) TyrosineandtryptophanarelesshydrophobicthanphenylalaninebecauseA) phenylalaninehasanindolegroup.B) phenylalaninehasnopolargroupinthesidechain.C) phenylalanineisaphenol.D) tyrosineandtryptophanhavesmallerRgroups.E) AlloftheaboveAnswer: BPageRef:Section212) Ultraviolet(UV)lightcanbeusedtoestimateproteinsolutionconcentrationsbecauseA) phenylalanineabsorbsat260nm.B) alltheaminoacidsabsorbUVlight.C) aromaticaminoacidsabsorbat280nm.D) tryptophanandtyrosineabsorbat280nm.E) AlloftheaboveAnswer: DPageRef:Section229
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