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| in | Use the following choices to respond to questions 17 - 28: | | :--: | :--: | | | A. sympathetic division | | | B. parasympathetic division | | mage | C. both sympathetic and parasympathetic | | | D. neither sympathetic nor parasympathetic | | erve | 17. Typically has long preganglionic and short postganglionic fibers | | | 18. Some fibers utilize gray rami communicantes | | has- | 19. Courses through spinal nerves | | | 20. Has splanchnic nerves | | | 21. Courses through cranial nerves | | as | 22. Originates in cranial nerves | | | 23. Effects enhanced by direct stimulation of a hormonal mechanism | | | 24. Includes otic ganglion | | a the | 25. Includes celiac ganglion | | | 26. Hypoactivity of this division would lead to decrease in metabolic rate | | | 27. Has widespread, long-lasting effects | | | 28. Sets the tone for the heart |
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Answer

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Step 1:
I will provide a step-by-step solution to help you understand how to approach this problem.

Since the problem involves identifying properties of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system, I will guide you through the process using the given options.

Step 2:

Typically has long preganglionic and short postganglionic fibers: - The sympathetic division has long preganglionic and short postganglionic fibers.

Step 3:
: The correct answer is A - sympathetic division.

Step 4:

Some fibers utilize gray rami communicantes: - The sympathetic division uses gray rami communicantes to connect with the spinal nerves.

Step 5:
: The correct answer is A - sympathetic division.

Step 6:

Courses through spinal nerves: - The sympathetic division courses through spinal nerves.

Step 7:
: The correct answer is A - sympathetic division.

Step 8:

Has splanchnic nerves: - The sympathetic division has splanchnic nerves.

Step 9:
: The correct answer is A - sympathetic division.

Step 10:

Courses through cranial nerves: - The parasympathetic division courses through cranial nerves.

Step 11:
: The correct answer is B - parasympathetic division.

Step 12:

Originates in cranial nerves: - The parasympathetic division originates in cranial nerves.

Step 13:
: The correct answer is B - parasympathetic division.

Step 14:

Effects enhanced by direct stimulation of a hormonal mechanism: - The sympathetic division's effects are enhanced by direct stimulation of a hormonal mechanism (epinephrine and norepinephrine release).

Step 15:
: The correct answer is A - sympathetic division.

Step 16:

Includes otic ganglion: - The parasympathetic division includes the otic ganglion.

Step 17:
: The correct answer is B - parasympathetic division.

Step 18:

Includes celiac ganglion: - The sympathetic division includes the celiac ganglion.

Step 19:
: The correct answer is A - sympathetic division.

Step 20:

Hypoactivity of this division would lead to decrease in metabolic rate: - The parasympathetic division's hypoactivity would not lead to a decrease in metabolic rate; instead, it would lead to an increase in metabolic rate. The sympathetic division's hypoactivity would lead to a decrease in metabolic rate.

Step 21:
: The correct answer is A - sympathetic division.

Step 22:

Has widespread, long-lasting effects: - The sympathetic division has widespread, long-lasting effects.

Step 23:
: The correct answer is A - sympathetic division.

Step 24:

Sets the tone for the heart: - The parasympathetic division sets the tone for the heart.

Step 25:
: The correct answer is B - parasympathetic division.

Final Answer

The answers are A for questions 1, 3, 4, 7, 9, 11 and B for questions 2, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12.