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Step 1:I'll solve this problem following the specified LaTeX and formatting guidelines:
Step 2:: Transcription Initiation
- RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region of the DNA - Transcription complex forms at the start of the gene
Step 3:: RNA Strand Elongation
G \leftrightarrow C
- RNA polymerase moves along the DNA template strand - Synthesizes a complementary mRNA strand - Nucleotides are added in the 5' to 3' direction - Uses base-pairing rules:
Step 4:: Pre-mRNA Processing
- Addition of 5' cap (methylated guanine) - Addition of 3' poly-A tail - Intron splicing removes non-coding regions - Produces mature mRNA
Step 5:: mRNA Exit from Nucleus
- Mature mRNA passes through nuclear pore - Moves from nucleus to cytoplasm
Step 6:: Ribosome Attachment
- Small ribosomal subunit binds to mRNA - Starts at start codon (AUG) - Large ribosomal subunit joins
Step 7:: Protein Synthesis
- tRNA molecules bring amino acids - Peptide bonds form between amino acids - Protein chain grows until stop codon is reached
Final Answer
The 6 steps of translation are: 1) Transcription Initiation, 2) RNA Strand Elongation, 3) Pre-mRNA Processing, 4) mRNA Exit from Nucleus, 5) Ribosome Attachment, and 6) Protein Synthesis.
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