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Step 2:: DNA Unwinding
DNA_{double-strand} \rightarrow DNA_{single-strands}
The first step of DNA replication involves the enzyme helicase breaking the hydrogen bonds between the complementary base pairs. This causes the double-stranded DNA to "unzip" and separate into two single strands. Key points: - Helicase enzyme breaks hydrogen bonds - Creates a replication "fork" - Exposes single DNA strands for copying
Step 3:: RNA Primer Attachment
RNA_{primer} \rightarrow DNA_{template}
RNA primase adds short RNA primer segments to the exposed single DNA strands. These primers provide a starting point for DNA polymerase to begin synthesizing new complementary strands. Key points: - RNA primers are short nucleotide sequences - Provide a 3' hydroxyl group for DNA polymerase - Essential for initiating DNA synthesis
Step 4:: DNA Polymerase Extension
DNA_{nucleotides} \rightarrow DNA_{new~strand}
DNA polymerase adds complementary nucleotides to the template strand, synthesizing new DNA strands in the 5' to 3' direction. This occurs simultaneously on both template strands. Key points: - Adds nucleotides complementary to template strand - Synthesizes new DNA in 5' to 3' direction - Creates two identical DNA molecules
Final Answer
1. DNA Unwinding 2. RNA Primer Attachment 3. DNA Polymerase Extension
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