QQuestionBiology
QuestionBiology
Mutation that will make the DNA and mature mRNA longer, but will not affect the size of the protein.
1. Mutation that will make the DNA, mature mRNA, and protein longer.
Mutation
2. Mutation that will make the DNA and mature mRNA longer, but will not affect the size of the protein.
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Answer
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Step 1:: Consider the process of transcription and translation.
Transcription is the process by which the DNA sequence is copied into a complementary RNA sequence, while translation is the process by which the RNA sequence is used to synthesize a protein. In order to make the DNA and mature mRNA longer without affecting the size of the protein, we need to look for a mutation that occurs during transcription but does not affect the sequence of codons in the mRNA.
Step 2:: Understand the genetic code.
The genetic code is the set of rules that maps the sequence of nucleotides in DNA (and RNA) to the sequence of amino acids in proteins. Each codon is a sequence of three nucleotides that specifies a single amino acid. Since there are 64 possible codons (4^3) and only 20 standard amino acids, most amino acids are encoded by multiple codons. This redundancy allows for certain mutations to occur without changing the encoded amino acid.
Step 3:: Identify the mutation.
\text{AUGCAUGCAGCAGCUG}
A mutation that satisfies the given conditions is an insertion of one or more nucleotides in the DNA sequence that does not result in a frameshift. Recall that a frameshift mutation occurs when the number of inserted or deleted nucleotides is not a multiple of three, causing the reading frame to shift and leading to a completely different sequence of codons and amino acids. To avoid a frameshift and maintain the same codons, the number of inserted nucleotides must be a multiple of three. For example, let's say we have the following DNA sequence: If we insert three adenines (A) after the second nucleotide, the new DNA sequence will be: This insertion does not cause a frameshift, as the reading frame remains the same. The mature mRNA sequence will also be longer, but the sequence of codons and the encoded protein will remain unchanged:
Final Answer
The mutation that will make the DNA and mature mRNA longer, but will not affect the size of the protein, is an insertion of one or more nucleotides in the DNA sequence that is a multiple of three. This insertion will not cause a frameshift and will maintain the same sequence of codons in the mature mRNA, resulting in the same protein.
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