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Step 1:I'll solve this problem by outlining the correct order of protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells:
Step 2:: Transcription (DNA to mRNA)
- The process begins in the cell nucleus - DNA is used as a template to create messenger RNA (mRNA) - RNA polymerase enzyme transcribes the DNA sequence into a complementary mRNA strand - This process involves:
Step 3:
DNA strand unwinds
Step 4:
RNA polymerase reads the template strand
Step 5:
Complementary RNA nucleotides are assembled
Step 6:mRNA is formed with the genetic code
Step 7:: mRNA Processing (in eukaryotes)
- The initial mRNA (pre-mRNA) is modified - Key modifications include:
Step 8:
Adding a 5' cap
Step 9:
Adding a 3' poly-A tail
Step 10:
Removing introns through RNA splicing
Step 11:
Creating mature mRNA
Step 12:: Translation (mRNA to Protein)
- Occurs in the ribosome (either free in cytoplasm or on rough endoplasmic reticulum) - Steps of translation:
Step 13:mRNA moves to ribosome
Step 14:tRNA brings amino acids
Step 15:
Ribosome reads mRNA codons
Step 16:
Amino acids are linked into a polypeptide chain
Step 17:: Protein Folding
- Newly formed polypeptide chain folds into its specific 3D structure - Assisted by chaperone proteins - Determines the protein's final functional shape
Final Answer
1. Transcription (DNA → mRNA) 2. mRNA Processing 3. Translation (mRNA → Protein) 4. Protein Folding
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