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2023 BIO253 Hondros Test 2 Practice Exam with Answers (93 Solved Questions)

Test your knowledge with 2023 BIO253 Hondros Test 2 Practice Exam with Answers, which includes past exam questions and detailed solutions for thorough preparation.

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    Bio 253 Hondros Test 2 -2023 Job of Auditory (Eustachian) tube - ANSWER maintains equal pressure on both sides of tympanic membrane connects middle ear to throat Are cranial/spinal nerves PNS or CNS? - ANSWER PNS Tunic layers of Eye - ANSWER Fibrous outer layer-sclera and cornea Vascula middle layer-pigmented, cont. blood vessels Nervous inner layer-retina, rods and cones What are the ear stones? - ANSWER Otoliths-help with balance and equilibrium Receptors activated by specific action - ANSWER Thermoreceptors Nociceptors Mechanoreceptors Cranial nerves that control eye movement - ANSWER Oculomotor Trochlear Abducens Fovea Centralis - ANSWER Part of Retina that contains the highest amount of photoreceptors Optic Disc - ANSWER Optic nerve exits through here Pt of retina the has NO photoreceptors where blood vessels enter eye Sound transmission in ear - ANSWER Pinna (auricle)--external auditory canal--tympanic membrane (vibrates back and forth; pushes on the ossicles)--malleolus, incus, stapes--fluid in the inner ear becomes wavy and stimulates mechanoreceptors (hair cells) in the cochlea Which receptors never experience adaptation? - ANSWER Nociceptors--Pain Receptors controlled by being stretched or pushed on - ANSWER Mechanoreceptors

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    ie-Bladder distention The receptor of the nose - ANSWER chemoreceptors Which structure contains tracts that carry nerve impulses to/from brain? - ANSWER White matter Endocrine glands - ANSWER ductless release hormones hormones travel through blood to targets lamellated corpuscles - ANSWER common in deeper subcut. tissues, tendons, ligaments detect heavy pressure tactile corpuscles - ANSWER abundant in hairless portions of skin detect light touch microglia - ANSWER perform phagocytosis, eat germs, clean up cellular debris when cells die astrocytes - ANSWER deliver nutrients help form synapses regulate fluid in interstial ependymal cells - ANSWER line ventricles move CSF circulate CSF in ventricle of brain and central canal of spinal cord oligodendrocytes - ANSWER make up myelin sheath in CNS schwann cells - ANSWER make up myelin sheath in PNS depolarization - ANSWER Na+ channels open and Na+ moves inside cell inside the cell becomes more positive repolarization - ANSWER K+ moves out of cell goes back to normal state inside cell becomes more negative

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    ventral roots of spinal cord - ANSWER motor neurons multipolar dorsal roots of spinal cord - ANSWER unipolar sensory neurons Nerves of the PNS - ANSWER 12 Cranial nerves 31 Spinal nerves Afferent-nerve impulse toward CNS Efferent-nerve impulse away from CNS function of CNS - ANSWER integrate all cell impulses from body and send out commands What does myelin sheath do? - ANSWER covers white matter speeds up nerve impulses NO myelin sheath in gray matter relative refractory - ANSWER Na+ gate channel closes--Repolarization saltatory conduction - ANSWER nerve impulse jumps from node-to-node in myelinated nerve fiber action potential - ANSWER ion distribution at rest in a membrane K+ inside cell Na+ outside cell absolute refractory period - ANSWER neuron doesn't conduct any impulses nothing happens-depoolarization cerebral lobe resp. for voluntary movement - ANSWER frontal lobe cerebral lobe resp. for sensation - ANSWER parietal lobe midbrain - ANSWER relays info (sensory and motor) associated with visual and auditory reflexes movement of lips--cranial nerve - ANSWER CN VII--facial

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