2023-2024 BIO251 Biology Remediation Exam With Answers (85 Solved Questions)

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BIO251-EXAM 2 REMEDIATION 2023/2024WITH ANSWERS GRADED PASSHaploid Number of Chromosomes In Humans--answer-23Control center of the cell; a part of the cell containing DNAand RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction--answer-NucleusProcesses and transports proteins made at attachedribosomes; synthesizes phospholipids--answer-RoughEndoplasmic Reticulum (RER)Fatty acid and steroid synthesis; detoxifies toxic substances--answer-Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)A cell organelle that helps make and package materials tobe transported out of the cell--answer-Golgi ComplexCell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break downcertain materials in the cell--answer-LysosomesProduce hydrogen peroxide, detoxifies harmful substances,oxidizes fatty acids, and protects cell from free radicals--answer-Peroxisomes-Hollow, cylindrical organelle that disposes of unnecessaryand damaged proteins

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-Contain enzymes that break down tagged, targetedproteins into short peptides and amino acids--answer-Proteasomes-Located near the nucleus and help to organize cell division-Form mitotic spindle during mitosis--answer-CentriolesA structure in cells containing two centrioles from which thespindle fibers develop and organized--answer-CentrosomePoint of growth for cilium or flagellum--answer-Basal BodyCell component responsible for energy production;powerhouse of the cell--answer-MitochondriaOrganelle responsible for protein synthesis--answer-RibosomesAll the fluid and components between the nucleus and thecell membrane; includes the cytosol as well as thecytoskeleton--answer-CytoplasmPhospholipid bilayer that surrounds all cells and regulateswhat enters and leaves the cell; also provides protection forcells.--answer-Cell membrane (plasma membrane)Plasma membrane layers composed of phospholipidmolecules arranged with polar heads facing the outside andnonpolar tails facing the inside.

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Contains Transmembrane proteins, Peripheral proteins,Cholesterol, and sugar (glycolipids and glycoproteins)--answer-Phospholipid BilayerIntegral proteins in the cell membrane, that extends all theway through the membrane touching both the ICF and ECF--answer-Transmembrane ProteinsThe proteins of a membrane that are not embedded in thelipid bilayer; they are appendages loosely bound to thesurface of the membrane.--answer-Peripheral ProteinHolds phospholipids still and can stiffen membrane--answer-CholesterolDoes not use ATP as an energy source, occurs from high tolow concentration.Includes: Simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis.--answer-Passive TransportMoves along concentration gradient, from higher to lowerconcentration--answer-Simple DiffusionThe transport of substances through a cell membrane alonga concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins--answer-Facilitated Diffusion

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