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26 Ecological Pyramids - Document preview page 1

26 Ecological Pyramids - Page 1

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26 Ecological Pyramids

This activity explores energy flow in ecosystems through an ecological pyramid model. It covers energy transfer, trophic levels, photosynthesis, and how only a small percentage of solar energy is captured by producers.

Mason Bennett
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26 Ecological Pyramids - Page 1 preview imageAllenergysystemswilldecay IntoEcological Pyramidsfjl(r0lt,opyHow docs energy flow through an ecosystem?entropy withgiven time*Why?Every organism in an ecosystem is cither eating or being eaten. When cows cat grass, they obtain some otthe energy that the grass transferred from the sunlight it absorbed. If cows could carry' out photosynthe-sis, would they have access to more energy' than they get as herbivores? VChich organisms in an ecosystemrequire the most energy to sustain life?Model 1 - Pyramid of Energy24 kcalValues in ihe pyramid arcper square meter per year.T e r t i a r y c o t j s u r t i e i s470 kcalSect i idary coi.auinesPrimary consumers4,000 kcalPrimary producer s25,500 kcal1Sunlight hilling Earths surface1,190,000 kcal1I. A unit used to measure energy is the kcal.fl.What is the source of all energy in the pyramid in Model 1?The source of all the energy of this pyramid is the stirib.How much energy does this source provide to a square meter of the Earth per year? (Be sureyour answer includes units.)3.190,M 0 kcal2. label the pyramid levels in Model I with the following: primary producers, primary' consumers,secondary consumers, and tertiary' consumers.3. The arrows in Model 1 represent the energy' available to the next level of the pyramid.fl.What percentage of the source energy from Question Iais absorbed by the oak leaves inModel I?0.8%b.By what process do the oak leaves harness this energy?They get their energy through photosynthesis process
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26 Ecological Pyramids - Page 2 preview image4. Describe how the consumers in one level of the pyramid obtain energy from rhe organisms at theprevious level of the pyramid.The consumers above a level get their energy by consuming the organism from the level below them5. Refer to Model I .a.How much energy per year do the caterpillars in ModelI obtain from eating the leaves in asquare meter of the oak tree?They get 4,000 kcalbWhat percentage of the energy that was originally absorbed by the oak leaves is passed on tothe caterpillars?15.7%c.What percentage of the energy absorbed by the oak leaves is not passed on to the caterpillars?64.3%With your group, list at least three possible uses and/or products of the energy absorbed bythe oak leaves that did not contribute to the production of biomass.The energy absorbed by the sun that does not cont'ibuteto the production of biomass could be heat,growth, movement6. Calculate the percentage of energy that is transferred from one level of rhe pyramid in Mode]Ito another for all of the levels.u.Oak leaves to caterpillars (see Question 5Z>).15%b.Caterpillars to bluejays.c.Blue jays to hawk.5%7. Calculate the average percentage of energy that is transferred from one level to another usingyour answers in Question 6. Note that this average percentage transfer is similar for many differ-ent types of energy pyramids in nature.10.6%8. As a group, write a statement that describes the pattern of energv transfer among consumerswithin a pyramid of energy.As you go io the level abo ve the energy within the system decreases as you go up.
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