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526163449 Cell Types SE Gizmos

Explore different cell types using a virtual microscope! Compare plant, animal, and bacterial cells, learn their structures, and understand how living things harness energy and grow.

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    151 Gizmos Name: Date: Student Exploration: Cell Types Directions: Follow the instructions to go through the simulation. Respond to the questions and prompts in the orange boxes. Vocabulary: ATP, bacteria, cartoon dioxide (CO 2 ), cell, cellular respiration, compound light microscope, eukaryote, multicellular, muscle cell, neuron, organelle, photosynthesis, prokaryote, protist, red blood cell, root hair cell, tissue, unicellular, white blood cell Prior Knowledge Questions {Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.) 1 . How do you know if something is alive? Describe some of the characteristics of living things. If something is alive, they can move and toreathe. Some of the characteristics of living things are that they can reproduce, meaning that they can make babies. 2. Humans, plants and mushrooms are all alive. What do these organisms have in common? They all have cells. They can also harness energy from other sources. For example, plants harness energy from photosynthesis. And animals harness energy from food. Gizmo Warm-up In the Ceil Types Gizmo, you will use a light microscope to compare and contrast different samples. On the LANDSCAPE tab click on the Etodea leaf {Turn on Show all samples if you can't find it.) Switc h to the MICROSCOPE tab to observe the sample as it would appear under the microscope. By default, this microscope is using 40x magnification. Drag the Coarse focus slider until the sample is foe used as well as possible. Then, improve the focus with the Fine focus slider. What do you see? 1. I think I see cells. I can see that the cells are very compacted to each other. 2. Select the 40Dx magnification. If necessary, adjust the fine focus. Now, what do you see? When I zoomed in 4D0x I saw small dotted cells around a shape. I think they are small plant cells. They are the smallest functional unit of an organism. The individual chambers you see are cells the smallest functional unit of an organism.

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    Activity A: Observing cells Get the Gizmo ready: • On the LANDSCAPE tab. click on the woman's right arm to choose the Human skin sample. • Select the MICROSCOPE tab. - • : Introduction: Complex organisms are made up of smaller units, called cells. Most cells are too small to be seen by the naked eye. Microscopes are used to magnify small objects, so here you will use a compound light microscope to observe the cells of different organisms. Question: What are similarities and differences between cells from different organisms? 1. Match: Read about each microscope part. Match the description to the part on the diagram. B Stage : Platform where a slide is placed. A Eye piece: Lens at the top of the microscope that the user looks through. This lens most commonly magnifies a sample by 1Dx. C Coarse focus knob Large knob that moves the stage up and down to focus the sample. D Fine focus knob : Small knob that moves the stage over a short distance to refine the focus. E Objective lens : A second lens that further magnifies the sample Microscopes usually have several objective lenses with different magnifications. The total magnification is the product of the eyepiece magnification and the objective lens magnification. F Slide: A rectangular piece of glass upon which a sample is mounted for viewing under a microscope. 2. Manipulate: With 40x selected, use the Coarse and Fine focus sliders to focus on the sample. Then, choose 40Dx and focus on the sample using the Fine focus slider. A. Which focus knob is easier to use at 4Qx? 400x? Course focus is easier to focus at 40x and Fine focus for 4D0x. Nucleus, cell memb ra ne,c ytop lasm EL Turn on Show labels. What structures can you see in human skin cells? C. Turn off Show labels and tum on Show scale bars. The scale bar has a width of 20 micrometers, or 20 pm. (There are 1.000 micrometers in a millimeter.) Using the scale bar. about how wide is a human skin cell?

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    The human cell is about 30 to 40 lums. 3. Observe An o r g a n e l l e is a cell structure that performs a specific function. Observe the samples below under the highest magnification. Click the Show labels checkbox to label the organelles. List the organelles and approximate size of the cells in each sample. Sample Organelles Estimated size (pm) Mouse skin Cytoplasm, cell membrane, nucleus. 15. Fly muscle cytoplasm, cell membrane, nucleus. 5 Maple leaf Cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm,nucleus, vacuole.chloroplast. 3-5 Efocfea Cell wall, cell membrane, c y top lasm .nuc 1eus. vac uo le.c hIo ro pla st. 1-2 Fungus Cytoplasm,septum.nucleus.vacuole,cell wall, cell membrane. 5 What do all of these samples have in common? All of the samples have 'cell membrane", "cytoplasm’, and nucleus. In eukaryotic cells, genetic material is contained inside a distinct, membrane-bound nucleus. Plant and animal cells are classified as eukaryotes. 4. Observe: Click on the cow and observe E. c o / i u n d e r the highest magnification. Notice the microscope m ag nific ati on is la rg er to r th is org anis m . a n d notice the sea le ba r is smaller. A. What is the approximate size of E. coli? B. What organellles are present in E. coli? Slum Cell wall, cell m em brane ,c y to pla s m. fl agel lum .pi lus,n u c I eoid(dna) Nucleus. C. What organelle is missing from E. coli? E. coffis an example of a bacteria. Bacteria are classified as prokaryotic cells because their DNA is not contained in a membrane-bound nucleus. 5. Compare: L o o k a t t h e Sand/silt sample under the microscope. Yes. they do. It is not alive, since it is not moving nor breathing. A. Turn on Show labels . Does sand/silt have any internal structures? B. Do you think sand or silt is alive? Explain.

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