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BIOD 152 Hematology Module 4 Exam With Answers (98 Solved Questions)

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    BIOD 152- Module 4 Exam With Satisfied Solutions Infarction - -blood vessel is entirely blocked -causes tissue death in that area myocardial infarction (MI) - -portion of heart that dies due to lack of oxygen -if partially blocked: causes angina & radiating pain in left arm -other symptoms: shortness of breath, lightheadedness, pain in arm, jaw, neck, btwn shoulder blades, chest pressure Drugs for Thromboembolism - -streptokinase: produced by bacteria -t-PA: genetically engineered These convert plasminogen into plasmin which dissolves clots -Aspirin will reduce coagulation aka it is preventative Angioplasty - -surgical intervention for thromboembolism -surgeon threads a plastic tube into te artery arm or leg, tube is then guided through the blood vessel toward the heart, When the tube reaches the segment clogged by plaque in a coronary artery, the balloon attached to the end of the tube is inflated, forcing the vessel open Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) - -surgical intervention for thromboembolism -a segment of another blood vessel from the patient's body is stitched to one end of the aorta and the other end to a coronary artery past the point of obstruction. Once the heart is exposed, some physicians may also use lasers to open clogged coronary vessels Arterioles - -controlled by autonomic nervous system

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    -responsible for peripheral resistance (varying blood pressure changed by external & internal conditions) What is the difference between arteries and veins - -Arteries: carry blood away from the heart, thick elastic walls, has a pulse, -veins: carry blood to the heart, thin compliant walls, has valves since it doesn't recoil Anatomy of arteries and veins - -lumen: opening -tunica externa: helps anchor the vessel to surrounding structures -tunica media: external elastic membrane, smooth muscle, & internal elastic membrane -tunica intima: sub-endothelial tissue & endothelium Why is the cardiovascular system a closed circulatory system? - the fluid contents are pumped from the heart throughout the body and back to the heart What are some functions of the cardiovascular system? - -Transportation of gases, nutrients waste -prevents loss of blood from ruptured vessels -helps fight off pathogens What does the study of the cardiovascular system cover? - -muscular heart -blood vessels -blood Where is the heart located? - Pericardial cavity within anterior portion of the mediastinum What separates the thoracic cavity into 2 pleural cavities? - mediastinum Layers of the heart - -pericardium: double layered, surrounded by fluid -myocardium: thickest layer -endocardium: continuous with blood vessels What anchors the heart to the diaphragm? - pericardium

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    Which layer of the heart wall is the contractile layer - Myocardium 4 chambers of the heart - -right & left atrium: receiving chamber, smaller -right & left ventricle: sending chamber, larger What separates the 4 chambers into a right and left? - Septum What part of the heart is only present in fetuses? - Fossa Ovalis: -opening btwn atria -allows blood to move directly btwn atria, bypassing the lungs What is the purpose of having valves in the heart? - To regulate the direction of blood flow Which valve sends blood out of the RV and into the pulmonary trunk? - Pulmonary valve Which valve sends blood out of the LV into the aorta? - Aortic valve Why does the aortic valve need to be stronger? - Because blood flow leaving the LV has a stronger presser Which valve sends blood out of the RA and into the RV? - Tricuspid valve Which valve sends blood from the LA into the LV? - Mitral valve (bicuspid) blood pathway through heart valves - -RA through tricuspid valve -RV through pulmonary valve -pulmonary trunk to pulmonary arteries to lungs -lungs to pulmonary veins to LA (now is oxygenated) -bicuspid valve to LV -Aortic valve to aorta to body Anatomy of vessels - -arteries: carry blood away from heart -arterioles: smaller arteries -capillaries: gas exchange

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