Biological Molecules, Genetic Mechanisms, and Biotechnology Concepts

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Biological Molecules, Genetic Mechanisms, and BiotechnologyConceptsCathedralCells required for construction and informationInformationis expressed in cellular expression outside and inside the cellIn cellsthis information is stored andexpressed from within the cellitselfInformation expressionin the cell is carefully sequenced and timedphosphorusan element in nature widely distributed in nucleic acids butseldom found in newly synthesized proteinssulfuranelement in nature widely distributed in proteins but neverfound in nucleic like DNA or RNAFractiona single portion of a biological sample that is being separatedinto many such portions as part of a purification process.virulentpossessing a highly increased ability to cause diseasetransformto change a hereditary characteristic of an organism byintroducing new DNA into its genomegenea segment of (usually) DNA that controls a single characteristicor trait of anorganismDNasean enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of DNA either into smallsegments of DNA or completely down to its nucleotide subunit

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proteinasean enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of protein either intosmaller segments of peptides or completely down to its aminoacid subunitsRNasean enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of RNA either intosmaller segments of RNA or completely down to its nucleotidesubunitx-rays crystallographya physical technique in which a purifiedsample of protein ornucleic acid is exposed to high-powered electromagneticradiation to determine its molecular structurecomplementaryin nucleic acids, describes the appropriately sized nucleotidebases from opposite strands of a double-stranded DNA (adeninewith thymine, guanine with cytosine) that pair via hydrogenbonds, thereby holding the double-stranded nucleic acid togetherChromatinfibers within the cell nucleus consisting of DNA periodicallystabilized by being wrapped around protein spheres callednucleosomeschromosomea highly coiled and organized arrangement of a single DNAmolecule within the nucleus of a cell; used ot transport DNA to adaughter nucleusnucleosomea structural repeat unit within chromatin in which 147 base pairof DNA are wrapped around a spherical protein core ofrpurposes of stability and protectionmicron (or micrometer)si 1/1000 of a millimeter; the millimeter is the smallest divisionvisible on a metric rulergenotypethe genetic makeup of the informational specifications for anorganism

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