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Biology: A Guide to the Natural World with mybiology 4th Edition Test Bank

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    Exam Name___________________________________ MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) If a sperm carrying a Y chromosome fertilizes a mother's egg, which of the following will be true? 1) _______ A) A sperm can't carry a Y chromosome; only the egg can. B) A baby girl will develop. C) Nothing will happen. D) A baby boy will develop. 2) The physicist Freeman Dyson made which of the following predictions? 2) _______ A) Within 50 years, gardeners would be able to design their own roses and orchids. B) Within 50 years, the human species would become extinct. C) Within 50 years, global warming would make the Earth unlivable. D) Within 50 years, the energy crisis would be solved. 3) Which of the following is evidence that global warming is occurring? 3) _______ A) The number of hurricanes has been increasing in recent years. B) The number of hurricanes has been decreasing in recent years. C) The intensity of hurricanes has been increasing in recent years. D) The intensity of hurricanes has been decreasing in recent years. 4) Which animals have had human genes inserted into their makeup to produce milk with human proteins? 4) _______ A) camels B) cattle C) goats D) horses 5) Which of the following is true? 5) _______ A) A scientific fact and a scientific theory carry the same weight in the scientific community. B) A scientific theory explains what we know to this date about a natural event. C) A scientific theory is a hunch about a natural event. D) A scientific theory is the final answer to a question about a natural event. 6) Choose the answer that best describes the sequence of the scientific method. 6) _______ A) observation, hypothesis, experiment, absolute fact B) observation, hypothesis, experiment, conclusion C) guess, hypothesis, experiment, conclusion D) hypothesis, experiment, observation, conclusion E) experiment, observation, hypothesis, conclusion 7) Scientific observations: 7) _______ A) are limited to available equipment used to record a natural phenomenon. B) can be made directly by humans. C) can be made by instrumentation. D) all of the above

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    8) Which of the following could be considered a scientific principle? 8) _______ A) Leaves bend toward the light because they sense light is needed to grow. B) The height of Americans has been steadily increasing over the past 30 years. C) Biology is a more exact science than chemistry. D) Radioactive isotopes can be used as tracers in medicine because radioactive isotopes behave the same as other isotopes. 9) We use the scientific method every day. Imagine your car doesn't start one morning before school. Which of these is a reasonable hypothesis regarding the problem? 9) _______ A) Add a quart of oil. B) I'm out of gas. C) Check to see whether your lights were left on all night. D) I'm going to be late. 10) A scientific explanation that is tentative and that requires more investigation is termed a/an: 10) ______ A) control. B) theory. C) hypothesis. D) observation. E) fact. 11) Which of the following is a theory? 11) ______ A) A boy finds a chipped rock he believes is an arrowhead. B) There is molecular and biochemical evidence that all organisms are related. C) Many people claim that the Earth is only 6,000 years old. D) Many people believe echinacea cures their colds. 12) The difference between a theory and a hypothesis is that: 12) ______ A) a hypothesis must be proven beyond a shadow of a doubt. B) a hypothesis must be supported by evidence. C) a theory must be proven beyond a shadow of a doubt. D) a theory must be supported by evidence. 13) Which scientist proved that the theory of spontaneous generation is untrue? 13) ______ A) Einstein B) Watson C) Pasteur D) Crick E) Pauling 14) Currently there is a controversy over whether which of the following organisms is a direct descendant of the dinosaurs? 14) ______ A) frogs B) lizards C) crocodiles

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    D) snakes E) birds 15) A good hypothesis must: 15) ______ A) be theoretical. B) be true. C) be false. D) be falsifiable. E) lead to a question. 16) Which one of the following i s true about scientific knowledge? 16) ______ A) When based on many experiments, scientific knowledge is absolutely true. B) Scientific knowledge is not absolute, because the possibility is always held open that new experiments may one day prove it wrong. C) Scientific knowledge is derived from the strongest arguments made by the brightest scientists. D) Scientific knowledge is derived from careful thinking about the way things must work based on application of a few fundamental principles. E) Scientific knowledge is acquired though teachings passed on by great scientists. 17) When Pasteur tested the hypothesis of spontaneous generation, he compared the ability of a sterilized growth medium (meat broth) to produce a population of bacteria in two different types of flasks. One had a simple neck open to the outside, and the other had a "goose neck" bend that also was open to the environment. Pasteur expected that bacteria would appear in the flask with the standard neck. In this experiment, the standard neck flask served as: 17) ______ A) an observation. B) a variable. C) a statistic. D) a hypothesis. E) a control. 18) The questions that can be answered by science are: 18) ______ A) limited by what can be investigated using the scientific method. B) limited only by imagination. C) without limit. D) limited by what is found in the living world. E) limited by religious doctrine. 19) Which of the following is the most complex level of organization? 19) ______ A) a water molecule B) a heart C) a rainforest D) the circulatory system 20) The students in a classroom could be considered which of the following? 20) ______ A) an organism B) a biosphere

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    C) a niche D) a community E) a population 21) Living things inherit information from their parents encoded in: 21) ______ A) molecules. B) atoms. C) DNA. D) proteins. 22) Which of the following is an example of homeostasis? An organism that can: 22) ______ A) assimilate and use energy. B) maintain a relatively constant internal environment. C) reproduce. D) respond to the environment. E) evolve from other living things. 23) Which of the following is the correct order of complexity, going from least to most complex? 23) ______ A) organ, tissue, cell, organelle, molecule atom B) molecule, atom, organ, tissue, cell, organelle C) atom, molecule, organelle, cell, organ, tissue D) atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ E) organ, tissue, cell, organelle, atom, molecule 24) Organelles are: 24) ______ A) proteins. B) cells. C) a group of cells that serve a common function. D) compartments within cells. E) organisms. 25) Tissues are: 25) ______ A) compartments within cells. B) a group of cells that serve a common function. C) proteins. D) organisms. E) cells. 26) Which of the following is an example of how living things assimilate energy? 26) ______ A) solving a mathematics problem B) producing a new generation of children C) eating a meal D) blinking at a bright light 27) The development of the physical sciences differed from development of biological sciences in that: 27) ______ A) physical sciences aimed to find underlying principles before this approach was taken in biological sciences. B) physical sciences offer the potential to find underlying principles, but such a goal is virtually impossible in biological sciences. C) physical sciences developed more slowly than biological sciences

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    because physical sciences are more difficult than biological science. D) physical sciences aimed to find underlying principles after this approach was taken in biological sciences. E) physical sciences developed much more slowly than biological sciences. 28) Imagine you're a biology instructor lecturing to a group of students interested in ecology, the branch of biology that studies interactions between organisms and their environments. They complain bitterly that they're not interested in atoms and molecules because these are irrelevant to their interests. As a responsible instructor aiming to provide a complete and meaningful education, you would state: 28) ______ A) "You to need to study atoms and molecules because they're important for many things." B) "O K , have it your way." C) "You need to study atoms and molecules because the organization of life is hierarchical; this implies that to understand the complex (ecology), you first need to understand the simpler underlying levels." D) "You need to study atoms and molecules because it's in the book." E) "You need to study atoms and molecules because all biologists, regardless of their specific interests, should know about them." 29) Which of the following is true of smoking? 29) ______ A) Scientists knew in 1940 that smoking causes lung cancer. B) Before smoking became popular in the 1920s, lung cancer was common. C) Lung cancer rates have been shown to rise and fall with smoking rates. 30) Which of the following is an example of statistics that were used to demonstrate that smoking causes lung cancer? 30) ______ A) A mathematical analysis of a large number of people with lung cancer demonstrated that far more people who smoked developed lung cancer. B) A woman who smoked developed lung cancer. C) A doctor notices that most of her lung cancer patients smoked. 31) If a sperm carrying an X chromosome fertilizes a mother's egg, which of the following will be true? 31) ______ A) Nothing will happen. B) A sperm can't carry an X chromosome; only the egg can. C) A baby girl will develop. D) A baby boy will develop. 32) If you flip the light switch in your living room and nothing happens, what might be a good hypothesis to explain the absence of light? 32) ______ A) The air conditioner is also running upstairs, and it might be using all of the electricity available in your house at the moment. B) Electricity sometimes flows backward in a wire, preventing the light from shining. C) You might have made too many telephone calls this month,

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    thereby reducing the amount of electricity in your lines. D) The circuit breaker for the living room might be the "off" position. 33) Tissues are grouped together in functional units called: 33) ______ A) organisms. B) cells. C) organs. D) organelles. TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 34) Kittens are among the animals that scientists have cloned. 34) ______ 35) Genetically altered salmon are grown to eating weight in half the normal time. 35) ______ 36) It doesn't matter whether a hypothesis is correct or not when it is first stated. 36) ______ 37) Observation of a natural event by more than one human or scientific instrument is the basis of the scientific method. 37) ______ 38) The experiments of Louis Pasteur to disprove spontaneous generation illustrate the process of the scientific method. 38) ______ 39) A theory must be supported by evidence. 39) ______ 40) A hypothesis must be supported by evidence. 40) ______ SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 41) All of the kinds of living things in a given area are called a ________. 41) _____________ 42) The scientist who demonstrated that the Earth moves around the sun was ________. 42) _____________ 43) The study of the physical functioning of plants and animals is called ________. 43) _____________ 44) A unifying principle of biology states that there is a gradual modification of populations of living things over time that sometimes results in new species. This principle is called ________. 44) _____________

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    MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1. Match column 1 with the items in column 2. 45) Physiology A) molecular biology 45) ______ 46) Studying how molecules affect living beings B) the functioning of plants and animals 46) ______ C) ecology 47) How living organisms relate to each other and to their physical environment 47) ______ ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper. 48) Name three ways that science and technology enrich your life today. 49) Discuss some of the possible ways that genetic engineering might benefit you or people in your community, and give possible examples. 50) Discuss why it is important that the public be knowledgeable about science. 51) What is the purpose of the "control" in a controlled experiment? 52) What is meant by the statement "science is measurement"? 53) You are a part of the first scientific team to land on Saturn. How would you begin to discover whether there is any life there? 54) Explain the difference between a theory and a hypothesis, and give an example of each. 55) Using what you have learned in this chapter, explain how you would decide whether multivitamins are beneficial to dogs.

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    1) D 2) A 3) C 4) C 5) B 6) B 7) D 8) D 9) B 10) C 11) B 12) D 13) C 14) E 15) D 16) B 17) E 18) A 19) C 20) E 21) C 22) B 23) D 24) D 25) B 26) C 27) A 28) C 29) C 30) A 31) C 32) D 33) C 34) TRUE 35) TRUE 36) TRUE 37) FALSE 38) TRUE 39) TRUE 40) FALSE 41) community 42) Copernicus 43) physiology 44) evolution

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    45) B 46) A 47) C 48) After reading the chapter, students should be familiar with some of the benefits of science and technology and be able to give many different examples. 49) After reading the chapter, students should be familiar with some of the possible benefits of genetic engineering and be able to give many different examples. 50) After reading the chapter, students should be familiar with the reasons why it is important for the public to understand science, and how lack of science education can harm society. 51) The control will have only one variable compared to the treatment group. The control group provides a basis for comparison. 52) The tools of science typically require some sort of measurement or calculation. As our tools become improved, our science becomes improved. 53) First, you would explore the landscape to discover anything that appeared to be alive. Then, using the scientific method to devise controlled experiments, as well as calling on your knowledge of life on this planet, you would determine whether the things you have discovered are alive, as we define life. 54) A hypothesis is a statement of fact yet to be proven, where a theory is based on much work and compelling evidence. 55) Use the scientific method to devise controlled experiments to subject two groups of dogs to multivitamins.

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    Exam Name___________________________________ MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) The subatomic particles that play the greatest role in cellular chemical reactions are: 1) _______ A) electrons. B) isotopes. C) neutrons. D) protons. 2) The mass within an atom comes from: 2) _______ A) electrons only. B) protons, neutrons, and electrons. C) protons only. D) protons and neutrons. 3) The subatomic particles with the most mass are: 3) _______ A) protons. B) electrons. C) neutrons. D) both A and C 4) An atom whose atomic number is 10 has how many electrons in its outermost energy level? 4) _______ A) three B) two C) eight D) ten E) five 5) If the atomic number is 18, then: 5) _______ A) this atom would be considered reactive. B) there are seven electrons in the outermost shell. C) the outermost energy level is full. D) the atom has 18 electrons in the nucleus. 6) Isotopes are atoms of the same element that differ in their: 6) _______ A) number of protons. B) number of electrons. C) ionic charge. D) number of neutrons. 7) The mass of matter is proportional to the: 7) _______ A) volume of matter. B) number of protons. C) number of electrons. D) weight of matter. E) density of matter. 8) Which of the following is not a component of atoms? 8) _______ A) molecules B) electrons C) neutrons D) protons 9) Which of the following are found in the nucleus of an atom? 9) _______ A) protons B) neutrons C) electrons D) A and B E) A, B, and C 10) An element with 22 protons, 22 neutrons, and 22 electrons would have an atomic

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    number of: 10) ___ ___ A) 11. B) 22. C) 44. D) 66. 11) Isotopes have been used to: 11) ______ A) determine the age of fossils. B) detect bone cancer. C) create new elements. D) A and B E) A, B, and C 12) Chlorine has an atomic number of 17, and argon has an atomic number of 18. From this information alone, you can predict that: 12) ______ A) chlorine has more neutrons than argon. B) chlorine is more chemically reactive than argon. C) argon is more chemically reactive than chlorine. D) argon has more neutrons than chlorine. E) argon will more readily ionize than chlorine. Refer to the figure above and then answer the question that follows. 13) Consider carbon - 12, carbon - 13, and carbon - 14 (the numbers indicate atomic mass). Which of these forms of carbon is an isotope? 13) ______ A) carbon - 13 B) carbon - 12 C) carbon - 14 D) None are isotopes. E) All are isotopes. 14) What is it about carbon - 12, carbon - 13, and carbon - 14 that makes them all carbon? 14) ______ A) They all have the number of neutrons that is characteristic of carbon. B) They all have the number of protons that is characteristic of carbon. C) They all have the number of protons plus neutrons that is characteristic of carbon. D) All are radioactive. E) All are elements.

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    15) You have a substance and begin a set of experiments in which you break it down into other substances through chemical reactions. After a few successive reactions, you discover a set of products that can't be broken down further, no matter what type of chemical reaction you attempt. These substances are: 15) ______ A) electrons. B) elements. C) protons. D) isotopes. E) neutrons. 16) The component of an atom or molecule that is most important in determining its chemical bonding properties is the: 16) ______ A) nucleus. B) electron. C) proton. D) neutron. E) isotope. 17) Which of the following results from the making of a bond? 17) ______ A) Electrons are destroyed. B) Molecules are broken down. C) Atoms become more stable. D) Atoms become more reactive. 18) For an atom to be considered an ion: 18) ______ A) neutrons can outnumber protons, B) protons can outnumber neutrons. C) protons can outnumber electrons. D) protons equal electrons. 19) Which type of bonding occurs between molecules and not within molecules? 19) ______ A) hydrogen B) polar covalent C) covalent D) ionic 20) When an electron passes from one atom to another: 20) ______ A) attraction occurs between two atoms based on opposite charges. B) the identity of the atom changes. C) a proton is also lost from the nucleus. D) the electron travels in orbitals around both the donor and recipient atom. 21) An atom will react with other atoms only until: 21) ______ A) all of its outermost orbitals have been filled. B) it has achieved maximum stability. C) it has completely filled its outermost energy level. D) All of the above are true. 22) The naturally occurring helium atom is chemically inert because: 22) ______ A) it has all of the shared electrons it could ever have.

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    B) its outermost shell is filled with electrons. C) it has the most protons that it could ever carry. D) its nucleus is filled with two neutrons. 23) An atom becomes an ion when: 23) ______ A) hydrogen ions are shared. B) it gains or loses neutrons. C) it gains or loses electrons. D) it forms a covalent bond. E) it gains or loses protons. 24) Sodium chloride (NaCl) crystals (table salt) form as a result of: 24) ______ A) chemical unreactivity. B) the attraction of oppositely charged particles for each other. C) covalent bonding. D) the lack of chemical attraction. 25) Hydrogen bonds are very important in the functional shape of: 25) ______ A) proteins. B) sugars. C) fats. D) nucleic acids. E) Both A and D are true. 26) Nonpolar molecules develop when: 26) ______ A) one atom is much more electronegative than the other. B) electrons transfer from one atom to another. C) both atoms have similar electronegativity. D) shared electrons are not shared equally. 27) The symbol 3CO 2 represents: 27) ______ A) three carbon atoms and one molecule of oxygen. B) one atom of carbon and three atoms of oxygen. C) three molecules of carbon dioxide. D) one atom of oxygen and three of carbon. 28) In a bottle of water, hydrogen bonding occurs between the hydrogen of one atom and: 28) ______ A) an oxygen atom in a different molecule. B) a hydrogen atom in a different molecule. C) an oxygen atom in the same water molecule. D) a hydrogen atom in the same molecule. 29) Which of the following is not a compound? 29) ______ A) methane B) a protein C) nitrogen D) glucose E) table salt 30) When atoms form bonds, they share or exchange: 30) ______ A) electrons.

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    B) neutrons. C) protons. D) A and B E) A, B, and C 31) Which of the following is true of chemical bonds? 31) ______ A) They cannot occur between two identical atoms. B) One atom can give up a proton to another to form bonds. C) Atoms can achieve a higher energy state and less stability by forming bonds. D) Two atoms can share an electron unequally, with one drawing it more toward itself. 32) Atoms form bonds to: 32) ______ A) fill their outer shells with electrons. B) obtain an equal number or protons and electrons. C) fill their outer shells with neutrons. D) obtain an equal number of protons and neutrons. E) fill their outer shells with protons. 33) Two hydrogen atoms (atomic number 1) form a covalent bond. Which of the following is true? 33) ______ A) Both hydrogen atoms now have two protons in their outer shell. B) Both hydrogen atoms now have two electrons in their outer shell. C) One hydrogen atom now has zero protons in its outer shell, and the other has two. D) Each hydrogen atom still has one electron in its outer shell. E) One hydrogen atom now has zero electrons in its outer shell, and the other has two. 34) Oxygen has six electrons in its second outer shell. How many covalent bonds is oxygen likely to make with hydrogen, which has one electron in its first outer shell? 34) ______ A) one B) eight C) two D) three E) six 35) Which of the following would form the fewest covalent bonds? 35) ______ A) hydrogen (one electron it the first shell) B) neon (eight electrons in the second shell) C) oxygen (six electrons in the second shell) D) carbon (four electrons in the second shell) 36) Water is a polar molecule because: 36) ______ A) oxygen has more electrons than hydrogen. B) oxygen has more neutrons than hydrogen. C) hydrogen has more neutrons than oxygen. D) hydrogen is more electronegative than oxygen. E) oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen. 37) H 2 S is an example of a: 37) ______ A) structural formula. B) space - filling model. C) ball - and - stick formula.

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    D) molecular formula. E) none of the above 38) Covalent bonds form when one atom ________ its ________ with another atom. 38) ______ A) gives up; electrons B) gives up; protons C) gives up; neutrons D) shares; electrons E) shares; protons 39) Potassium has one electron in its fourth shell, and chloride has seven electrons in its third shell. Which of the following is most likely to be true? 39) ______ A) The two atoms will share the electron unequally in a polar bond. B) The two atoms will share an electron equally in a covalent nonpolar bond. C) Potassium will give an electron to chloride to form an ionic bond. D) Chloride will give an electron to potassium to form an ionic bond. 40) Nitrogen has seven protons, and hydrogen has one proton. Based on your knowledge of the rules of covalent bonding, which of the following molecules will form from the reaction of nitrogen and hydrogen? 40) ______ A) NH 3 B) NH C) NH 4 D) NH 2 E) NH 5 Refer to the figure above and then answer the question that follows. 41) Which of the following molecules is most likely to bind to an ion, and why? 41) ______ A) Molecule B, because it has a carbon at in the center of the molecule. B) Molecule A, because it has electrical charges that will attract an ion. C) Molecule B, because it has four hydrogen atoms on the exterior of the molecule. D) Molecule A, because any molecule with oxygen is able to bind to an ion.

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