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Cell Division Gizmo-Exploring the Stages and Signi

Cells must grow during interphase to prepare for division, and DNA replicates so chromatids can separate to opposite poles, ensuring each daughter cell gets a full set of genetic information.

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    g«l Gizmos Name: Date: I Studenlt Exploration: Cell Division Directions: Follow the instructions to go through the simulation. Respond to the questions and prompts in the orange boxes. Vocabulary: cell division, centriole, centromere, chromatid, chromatin, chromosome, cytokinesis. DNA, interphase, mitosis Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.) 1. Cells reproduce by splitting in half, a process called cell division. What do cells need to do between divisions to make sure that they don't just get smaller and smaller? They reed to go through interphase to make sure there is enough proteins and mass to continue dividing 2. The genetic information of a cell is carried in its DNA (short for deoxyribonucleic acid). What do cells need to do between divisions to make sure that a full set of DNA gets passed on to each daughter cell? Chromatids need to each the opposite poles of the cell Gizmo Warm-up On the SIMULATION pane of the Cel! Division Gizmo, check that the Cycle Length is set to 12 hours. Click Play { ► ), observe until the maximum number of cells is shown, and then click Pause ( " ). 1. Look at the cells. Do they all look the same? NO 2. Cells that are in the process of dividing are said to be in mitosis cr cytokinesis. Cells that are net dividing are in interphase Check the Magnify box and move the cursor over the cells. A. Of the 100 cells shown, how many are in the process of dividing? 9 B. Select the BAR CHART tab, and turn on Show numerical values. How many cells are in the interphase stage of their life cycle? 79 C. Based on these two observations, would you say that a cell spends most of its life cycle in interphase or in mitosis/cytokinesis? Interphase

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    Get the Gizmo ready: • Click Reset ( ° ). Activity A: Phases of the cell cycle • Select the DESCRIPTION tab. • Click on the right arrow once so that Interphase is shown. Question: What are the stages of the cell cycle? 1. Observe: Click Flay and hold the cursor over the cell. Observe the cell as it divides several times. (This happens quickly!) What do you notice happening during this process? The cell makes this light blue ball then splits in two white balls then another cell is formed 2. Summarize: On the DESCRIPTION pane, read about each phase in the cell cycle. » In the spaces below, sketch the cell in each phase and summarize what occurs ir your own words. Phase Sketch Summary Interphase 1nterph a s e has th ree stag es: G : . S. and G s G ,. During S the DNA contained in the cell chromatn is duplicated. G : Is distinguish by the synthesis of the organelles Prophase This is the first stage of mitosis. In this stage the nucleolus disappears and the chromat n condenses to form visible chromosomes. Each chromosome has two chromatids connected by a centromere. Outside the nucleus spindle fibers begin to form between the centrioles which then make their way to the opposite side of the cell. At the end of this stage the nuclear memb p ane dissolves away. Metaphase Second stage of mitosis. The centromeres of each chromosome are attached to spindle fibers. The spindle fibers change their lergth and pull the chromosomes into a line along the cell Anaphase Third stage of mitosis. The centromeres split and the sister chromat ds are pulled to the opposite poles of the cell by the spindle fibers. The stage ends once the chromatids reach the poles and stop moving Telophase Final stage of mitosis. During the final stage a nuclear memb r an= forms around each set of the daughter chromosomes and the nucleus reappears in each nucleus. Cytokinesis During cytokinesis the sides of the cell pinch inward dividing the cytoplasm and forming two cells each containing a complete copy of the parent cell dna

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