Skip to content
Solved Assignments

EukaryoticCellCycleCancer

Explore how the eukaryotic cell cycle drives growth, repair, and development in organisms. Learn the role of growth factors, why cell division matters for adults, and its link to cancer. Great for biology students!

Preview 3 of 10 pages

See the first 3 pages exactly as they appear in the document.

  1. Page 1
    Read page 1 as text

    Bifrlrn*ractiv« Click & Learn Si udenT Worksheet The Eukaryotic Coll Cycle and Cancer In Depth To use this document first read the Instructions andFAQs This document is made available by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Using this document you agree to use fh*5 document >vr accordance wrfh the Terms of Use. INTRODUCTION This handout complements the Click St Learn The Eukaryotic CetJ Cycle and Cancer and is intended as an in-depth examination of the cell cycle and the protein players involved. For a more general overview, please see the overview version. PROCEDURE Follow the instructions as you proceed through the Click a Learn and answer the questions in the spaces below. Click on the "Background" tab on the right side. 1. Compare and contrast the reasons cell division is important for unicellular (single-celled) and multicellular organisms. Cell division is the only way single-celled organisms can reproduce whereas for multicellular organisms it is the only way to grow a nd repa ir da m aged ceIls. 2. Provide an example of why cell division remains important to an adult organism even after it is fully developed. After growth, division remains important in normal cell turnover, such as in skin and gul. where cells are continuously renewed Other cells have to divide to heal wounds like skin cuts or broken bones. 3. What is the role of growth factors? Growth factors are the ligands reeded to activate a signal transduction pathway to result in cell division as a cellular response. 4 Cells djyide, differentiate, or die. What is differentiation? Differentiation is the process when cells become specialized in structure and function. During differentiation cells develop specific characteristics that allow them to perform a particular role within the body. Some examples are, cells may differentiate into muscle cells, nerve cells, or skin cells, each with unique structures and functions. 5. What is apoptosis? Explain its purpose. Apoptosis is a natural process by tv hi ch cells in a living organism intentionally self-destruct. It is a carefully regulated process that plays an essential role in development and the maintenance of healthy tissues. The purpose of apoptosis is to eliminate unnecessary, damaged, or potentially harmful cells, which could otherwise interfere with the normal functioning of the organism. CellCyde m m . E c TE-scwe.crj Upctated FefiruB 2OZC F a r s i of 10

  2. Page 2
    Read page 2 as text

    hh BMnterftttfea The Euka ryotic Ceti Cycle and Cancer - In Depth Click & Learn Student WtKfcsbwt 6 Organisms maintain the right number of cells by regulating the cell cycle. What are "cel[cycle regulators?" Cell cycle regulators are molecular signals that may stimulate or halt cell division, instruct cells to differentiate, or initiate cell death. 7. Watch the video clip of cells in the small intestine. Name the general location along the villus where the following processes occur: Cell Division: crypt Cell Differentiation: Lining of the villus nearthe crypt Apoptosis: villus 8. Name one harmless result of too little cell division. Hair Loss Name one harmless result of too much cell division. Warts Click on the section of the circle labeled Cell Cycle Phases" in the center purple circle on the right and use the "Overview information in the window on the left to answer the questions belov/. 10. List, in order, the four events we collectively call the ' cell cycle." Next to each event, write the correlating cell cycle phase name. a. growth-G1 Phase b. DNA replication phase c. preparation to divide-G2 Phase d division -Mitotic phase 11. Ir general, what is the purpose of a checkpoint in the cell cycle? (checkpoint proteins" regulate the progression from one phase of the cell cycle to the next. The progression through these checkpoints is a strictly regulated process that usually works without errors. 12. What is one potential outcome when errors occur in this highly regulated cell cycle process? C e l l C y d e iw.w.E.c T E i c r . ' t . c r j Jexisted FeotB-f 2CQC P B g e Z c j f i D

  3. Page 3
    Read page 3 as text

    Mtan BkolnlBractivo Click & Learn The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle and Cancer - In Depth Student Worksheet When errors do occur, they can have catastrophic consequences, including the development of cancer. Click on "Cell Cycle Regulators and Cancer' in the center purple circle on the right. Use the information under 'Regulators Overview" in the window on the left to answer the questions below. 13. What type of protein that regulates the cell cycle is encoded by proto-on cogenes? Stimulating proteins (encoded by proto-oncogenes) 14. What type of protein that regulates the cell cycle is encoded by tumor suppressor genes? Inhibitory proteins (encoded by tumor suppressor genes) 15. The most Important cell cycle regulators are the CDKs . 16. What is = kinase, and what does it do? Kinases are enzymes that add a phosphate to other proteins to activate or inhibit their function—a process known as phosphorylation. 17. When are CDKs present inside the cell during the cell cycle? CDKs are always present in the cell but become active only when they are bound to other proteins called cyclins, IS. When are cyclins present inside the cell during the cell cycle? cyclin concentration inside the cell cycles varies up and down, depending on the phase of the cycle 19. CDKs form molecular complexes with cyclins. What do activated CDK-cyclin complexes do? Some proteins activate CDK-cyclin complexes, stimulating the cell cycle. Others inactivate CDK-cyclins or prevent their activation, which inhibits cell cycle progression. Using the cell cycle diagram on the right and both links in the center purple circle, complete the table below for each phase. Use bullet points and focus on major events that occur during each phase, checkpoint, and regulatory process. Complete the entire row before moving on to the next phase. PHASE PHASE EVENTS CHECKPOINT EVENTS REGULATORY PROCESSES CeilCyde www.BjrtTteractjre.0r5 Jocsted FeCruary 2CCC Fare 3 of 10

7 more pages in the full document

Unlock it once and it stays in your library, ready to chat with or turn into flashcards.

Unlock the full document

More Biology study materials

See all

Study this document with CramX

Once it is in your library, every tool can work from it.