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Food and Culture 6th Edition Test Bank

Food and Culture 6th Edition Test Bank enhances your understanding of exam topics with a detailed breakdown of key principles and solved examples.

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    1 - 1 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password - protected website for classroom use. Test Bank 1 for Food and Culture 6e Chapter 1: Food and Culture Multiple Choice Questions 1. What is the fastest - growing ethnic group in the U.S.? a. Latinos b. Chinese c. Asians d. African American 2. Which of the following is a definition of culture ? a. The beliefs, attitudes, values , and practices of a community of individuals b. The regional geography versus the local foods c. The ability to choose fine wines and enjoyment of opera d. Is determined by the country in which a person was born e. All of the above 3. The multiplicity of ways in which humans use food is termed a. food habits. b. food culture. c. food ways. d. all of the above 4. The need for humans to experiment with food choices but at the same time be conservative is called : a. the o mnivore’s p aradox. b. assimilation. c. the American p aradox. d. ethnocentrism. 5. The process of handing down the manners and understandings in common to a culture from one generation to the next would be a good definition for a. bicultural . b. assimilation . c. enculturation . d. acculturation . e. intra - ethnic variation . 6. Children learn food preferences from valued or trusted others. Who has the least long - lasting influence? a. Teachers b. Peers c. Older siblings d. Parents 1 By Tawni Holmes, Ph.D., R.D., University of Central Oklahoma

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    1 - 2 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password - protected website for classroom use. 7. Culturally specific preferences become apparent around what age? a. 2 years b. 3 - 6 years c. Teen years d. Adulthood 8. Rules regarding _____ determine who can dine together . a. commensalism b. ethnocentrism c. prejudice d. class 9. Following the f lavor p rinciples m odel, herbs and spices: a. help palatability. b. disguise spoiled foods. c. produce physiological responses. d. all of the above 10. Cultural membership or social identity is defined by a. culture. b. race. c. ethnicity. d. acculturation. 11. According to the c onsumer f ood c hoice m odel, what factor(s) influence(s) food selection? a. T aste b. W ell - being c. C onvenience d. A ll of the above e. a and c 12. How many ethnicities were identified by the Canadian census in 2006? a. 200 b. 50 c. 10 d. 21 13. Complex rules that define how humans eat meals are called a. traditions. b. customs. c. manners. d. foodways. 14. Which is an example of an incorporation of food association? a. Rare meat to build muscle b. Walnuts to improve brain function c. Eating of insects as a protein source d. a and b e. All of the above

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    1 - 3 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password - protected website for classroom use. 15. Bread is often used as a symbol in many cultures. A symbolic use of bread might mean a. bread representing an association with a religious value. b. bread being eaten by almost every group of people. c. bread type (whole wheat versus white) being used to show higher or lower status. d. a and b e. a and c 16. Foods that satisfy the basic need for food familiarity that are eaten during personal events or times of stress are called a. food associations. b. superfoods. c. soul food. d. comfort foods. 17. An example of a food that was renamed in order to assert a new cultural identity is: a. freedom fries. b. dim sum . c. turkey wheat. d. kimchis . 18. As peoples become acculturated, which habits are likely to be the last to change? a. Language b. Traditional clothing c. Food habits d. None of the above 19. Food categorizations that are widely recognized include all of the following except: a. body image foods. b. cultural superfoods. c. sympathetic magic foods. d. food groups. e. Choices a, b, c, and d are all widely recognized food categorizations. 20. According to the c ore and c omplementary f oods m odel, foods that are eaten sporadically and are an indicator of individual food preference are: a. peripheral foods. b. core foods. c. secondary foods. d. complementary foods. 21. Two main protein foods eaten by Greeks virtually daily include lamb and legumes. These would be examples of a. indigenous foods. b. secondary core foods. c. core foods. d. peripheral foods. 22. Changes in food behavior happen most often with: a. core foods. b. secondary foods. c. peripheral foods. d. complementary foods.

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    1 - 4 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password - protected website for classroom use. 23. The soil texture, minerals, drainage, source of water, temperature , etc. with which grapes are grown is called: a. agriculture. b. terroir . c. region. d. cultural identity. 24. The assumption that cultures progress from under - developed to developed through structural and food culture changes is termed the _____. a. s ocial dynamic of modernization b. d evelopmental perspective of food culture c. c onsumer food choice model d. n one of the above 25. Garam masala is a distinct flavor principle associated with which ethnicity? a. Brazilian b. Chinese c. French d. Asian Indian 26. Which of the following is an important consideration when defining a meal? a. Order of foods served b. Preparation c. Portion size d. All of the above 27. A meal is defined differently in various cultures. Among the elements that differ regarding a meal are a. number of meal courses. b. rules of sequence; for example, the salad should always be served before the main course. c. what is considered a meal vs. what is considered a snack; for example, for it to be called a meal, utensils must be used; otherwise what was eaten was just a snack. d. all of the above e. none of the above 28. The term that describes eating more food than is customarily consumed daily for religious or other special events is: a. feasting . b. fasting . c. grazing . d. gorging . 29. The most universal of food taboos is: a. eating insects. b. cannibalism. c. eating dog meat. d. eating eggs.

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    1 - 5 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password - protected website for classroom use. 30. One classification system used to categorize foods is “edible” versus “inedible.” In this classification, to a Hindu vegetarian, chicken would be considered a. inedible. b. edible by animals, but not by my kind. c. edible by humans, but not by me. d. edible by me. 31. Food choices in all societies are driven by an inborn preference for what food flavors? a. Sugar and fat b. Salt and protein c. Bitter and sweet d. Savory and sour 32. The vicarious enjoyment of eating through reading about it or watching food - related programs on television is known as: a. mass marketing. b. overindulging. c. gorging. d. food porn. 33. The primary factor in consumer food choice is: a. convenience. b. taste. c. self - identity. d. health benefit. 34. What term describes a n area where no single ethnic group is the majority? a. Biculturation b. Mixed salad c. Cultural plurality d. Intercultural 35. When a smaller group, a minority group, moves into a larger, dominant culture, the process in which the minority group fully assumes the manners and values of the majority is called a. bicultural. b. assimilation. c. enculturation. d. acculturation. e. intra - ethnic variation. 36. If I believe that my culture/group has the “right and normal” way of eating, and all the other cultures that I read about eat “weird” food, my views are a. ritualistic. b. ethnocentric. c. sociocentric. d. culturally relevant. e. culturally materialistic.

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    1 - 6 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password - protected website for classroom use. 37. What type of ethnic cuisine has been most tried at least once by the greatest percentage of persons in the United States? a. Italian (other than pizza) b. Mexican c. Chinese d. a and b are equal 38. Studies on type 2 diabetes suggest that which ethnicity has the lowest rates (although they are still increasing)? a. Hispanics b. African Americans c. Native American d. Whites 39. Disparities related to health in the U.S. are seen in which of the following categories? a. Mortality rates b. Chronic disease incidence c. Access to care d. All of the above 40. A term used to describe overestimation of the association between group membership and individual behavior, often seen as a pitfall in health care relationships, is: a. stereotyping . b. ethnocentrism . c. prejudice . d. biculturation . 41. When considering diet in the context of other cultures, food habits can be classified according to nutritional impact. Which is the first thing that should be considered? a. Neutral food behaviors b. Food behaviors that have harmful effects c. Food use that has positive health consequences and should be encouraged d. Food habits that are unclassified 42. A term used to describe the idea that foods from throughout the world are available and often affordable, although there is a need for consistency and conservatism, is: a. o mnivore’s p aradox . b. American p aradox . c. multiculturalism . d. culinary compass . 43. A one - pot dish in America would be considered a meal if it contained: a. meat. b. vegetables. c. starch. d. must contain all of the above

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    1 - 7 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password - protected website for classroom use. 44. The integration of local, regional, and national phenomena into an unrestricted worldwide organization is: a. globalization. b. modernization. c. commoditization. d. urbanization. 45. The transition of a society from producers of indigenous foods to consumers of mass - produced foods is called: a. consumerization. b. modernization. c. urbanization. d. globalization. True/False Questions _____ 1. One out of four Americans is of non - European origins. _____ 2. Asians comprise the 3 rd largest group of immigrants to the U.S. at 10% of the population. _____ 3. Dining out is one way that we demonstrate belongingness, status, and self - realization. _____ 4. Biculturation can be defined as a minority group member’s identity being completely submerged in or sublimated to the dominant cultural identity. _____ 5. Flavor principles are the preparation and seasoning of foods to match the identifying spices and ingredients of a culture. _____ 6. Urbanization of a population is associated with maintenance of traditional food habits. _____ 7. Traditional food choices are among the last factors to change in the process of acculturation. _____ 8. The term “tossed salad” has replaced the idea of a “melting pot” because individuals maintain their own identity — even when mixed together in a group. _____ 9. Your self - identity related to your role in life will affect your perception of what should and should not be eaten for health. _____ 10. Ethnicity has no relationship to health disparities in the United States.

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    1 - 8 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password - protected website for classroom use. Matching Questions a. Globalization b. Modernization c. Urbanization d. Migration e. Enculturation _____ 1. Delocalization of food production and consumption connections _____ 2. The process of learning culturally specific preferences passed from generation to generation _____ 3. Products produced in distant parts of the world are eaten in another country _____ 4. The movement of populations from one country, region, or location to another _____ 5. Technological advances which lead to the production of food commodities Short Essay Questions 1. Why is acculturation described as a process? When is the process complete? 2. “Commensalism” regarding sharing food and dining together implies that something is owed to another. What is owed in commensalism? 3. Briefly define and give an example for each of the five categories of “edible” or “inedible” used as a method of “food” classification. 4. Give a specific example that reflects a health disparity associated with an ethnicity in the United States today. 5. In the consumer choice model of food selection , many influences are discussed. Briefly discuss some of the primary factors that influence food choices for a single mother of young children who lives in the “inner city” of a large urban area and who does not own her own car.

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    1 - 9 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password - protected website for classroom use. Answer Key for Chapter 1 Multiple Choice 1. a (p. 1) 2. a (p. 6 ) 3. d (p. 2) 4. a (p. 2) 5. c (p . 6) 6. d (p. 3) 7. b (p. 5) 8. a (p. 5) 9. d (p. 8) 10. c (p. 6) 11. d (pp. 13) 12. a (p. 1 9 ) 13. c (p. 2) 14. d (p. 2) 15. e (pp. 3 - 4) 16. d (p p . 4 - 5 ) 17. a (p. 5) 18. c (p. 6) 19. e (p. 7) 20. a (p. 7) 21. c (p. 7) 22. c (p. 8) 23. b (p. 8) 24. b (p p . 11 - 12 ) 25. d (p. 9) 26. d (pp. 9 - 10) 27. d (pp. 9 - 10) 28. a (p. 10) 29. b (p. 13) 30. c (p. 13) 31. a (p. 14) 32. d (p. 16) 33. b (p. 13) 34. c (p. 19) 35. b (p. 6) 36. b (p. 6) 37. d (p. 24 ) 38. d (p. 20 ) 39. d (p. 2 0 ) 40. a (p. 23) 41. c (p. 24) 42. b (p. 2 5 ) 43. d (p. 9) 44. a (p. 11) 45. a (p. 11) True/False 1. T (p. 1) 2. F (p. 1) 3. T (p. 3) 4. F (p. 6) 5. T (p. 8) 6. F (p. 1 1 - 12 ) 7. T (p. 6) 8. T (p. 2 4 ) 9. T (p. 16 ) 10. F (p p . 20, 21 ) Matching 1. c (p. 11 ) 2. e (p. 6) 3. a (p. 11) 4. d (p. 1 1, 12 ) 5. b (p. 11) Short Essay Questions (page references) 1. p. 6 2. p. 5 3. p. 13 4. pp. 20 - 23 5. pp. 13 - 18

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    2 - 1 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password - protected website for classroom use. Test Bank 1 for Food and Culture 6e Chapter 2: Traditional Health Beliefs and Practices Multiple Choice Questions 1. A pproximately what percent age of adults in the U.S. used some form of CAM during the year 2007? a. 50% b. 72 % c. 38 % d. 12 % 2. Which of the following might be used as a definition of the biomedical viewpoint of health and illness? a. For disease to be present, there must be a physical cause; get rid of the cause ( e.g., bacteria or virus) and the disease wi ll be eliminated. b. All disease comes from the words “dis” meaning opposite and “ease” meaning comfort. M ake sure the sp i rit world is “comforted” and disease will be cured ( e.g., sacrifice something prized to the gods). c. Mind and body are one unit , and to treat disease both the intangible world of the mind and the physical body must be taken into consideration (treat the whole person within his or her environment for symptoms to resolve) . 3. What is the belief of the “majority American worldview” in regard to fate? a. Believes in personal control over fate b. Believes fate controls the future c. Believes illness is a result of fate d. Only believes in fate if prescribed by physician 4. A monochronistic view of time suggests: a. doing several things at once. b. doing only two things at a time. c. doing one thing at a time. d. doing nothing. 5. What ethnicity believes that fulfilling social obligations is essential to health and that disharmony with family or village members can result in illness? a. Gypsies b. African Americans c. Middle Easterners d. Pacific Islanders 6. When sickness is assumed to be due to the actions of the patient, reasons for illness might include a. bad weather, allergens, and pollution. b. viruses, bacteria, and parasites. c. food and exercise choices. d. interpersonal disharmony. e. conjury. 1 By Tawni Holmes, Ph.D., R.D., University of Central Oklahoma

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    2 - 2 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password - protected website for classroom use. 7. When a health care provider imposes her or his beliefs, practices , and values on a patient from another culture, what is this termed? a. Supernatural powers b. Cultural imposition c. Worldview d. Biomedical approach 8. Expression of emotions through bodily complaints is called a. sympathetic qualities. b. the biomedical approach. c. somatization. d. empacho . 9. A state of complete physical, mental , and social well - being, not merely the absence of disease , defines what term? a. Biomedical approach b. Holistic medicine c. Botanical remedies d. Health 10. General d ietary guidelines for health that are similar to those of the U.S. have been developed for many countries , and usually include what concept(s)? a. Five food groups b. U sing foods as medicine because of their intrinsic properties c. Balance and moderation d. Calorie restriction and physical activity 11. Categorizing foods into “hot” and “cold” categories is a system used in a variety of cultures. Cultural groups we have studied that use this system include those of a. the Middle East. b. parts of Latin America. c. Italy and France. d. a and b e. a, b, and c 12. Sympathetic medicine and sympathetic magic use the word sympathetic to mean a. agreeably suited to disposition or mood. b. vibrations from being in harmony. c. items that have characteristics similar to human body parts or organs. 13. Different cultures define illness differently. Which of the following is NOT considered a cause for illness by some culture in the world? a. Personal actions b. Natural causes c. Inappropriate social interactions d. Supernatural or magical causes e. All are explanations o f illness used by some cultures

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    2 - 3 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password - protected website for classroom use. 14. Culture - bound syndromes are a. a holistic view of the total experiences of the patient. b. healers chosen by cost and convenience. c. culturally defined folk illnesses that may be difficult to treat if not ac tually considered an illness. d. always due to witches and conjury issues. 15. Witches, sorcerers, root doctors , and so on have the power to manipulate the natural or supernatural world through a. spells. b. evil spirits. c. conjury. d. humor systems. 16. What are the most common type(s) of therapeutic substances? a. Biomedical pharmaceuticals b. Acupuncture c. Diet prescriptions d. All of the above e. a and c 17. In what type of medicine is the body aided to heal itself through non - invasive natural treatments? a. Osteopathic b. Biomedical c. Supernatural healing d. Naturopathic 18. Cultures use different therapies to cure illness. The practice of _____ is based on the tenant that “like cures like.” a. folk healing b. homeopathy c. ayurvedic medicine d. naturopathic medicine 19. What act defines dietary supplements as separate from food and drugs? a. DSHEA b. USDA c. FDA d. Botanical L abeling A ct 20. The consecutive or concurrent use of multiple health care systems is called a. biomedical healing. b. dual medicine. c. medical pluralism. d. a yurvedic medicine. 21. Approximately how much do Americans currently spend on complementary and alternative medicine annually? a. $11 billion b. $40 billion c. $1 million d. $350 thousand

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    2 - 4 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password - protected website for classroom use. 22. The ancient Asian Indian system of healing is called a. biomedicine. b. holistic therapy. c. a yurvedic medicine. d. traditional Chinese medicine. 23. The “majority” describes what group in the United States? a. A multicultural mix of all cultures b. Most white s , plus other ethnic groups with similar views c. Mexican American immigrants d. Whites and Native American s 24. Which cultural group is an example of one that believes family should be involved in all health care decisions? a. Jews b. Middle Easterners c. Americans d. None of the above 25. In which of the following areas does the biomedical worldview differ from the majority U.S. view? a. P ersonal control of fate b. R elationship to nature c. R ole of the individual d. P erceptions of time e. N one of the above 26. The number of adults over 65 years of age in the U.S. is expected to double by what year? a. 2008 b. 2050 c. 2012 d. 2020 27. In relation to health, what type of attributes are most commonly associated with well - being? a. Behavioral characteristics b. Physical (i.e. , skin, hair sheen, weight) c. Clinical features such as sore throat d. Routine laboratory measures 28. What type of medicine uses pulses associated with internal organs, each with its own characteristics? a. Ayurvedic medicine b. Biomedicine c. Holistic medicine d. Traditional Chinese medicine 29. Thinness is often associated with poor diet and disease in all of the following cultures except a. African. b. Caribbean Islander. c. Middle Eastern. d. American Indian. e. Thinness is associated with disease in all of these cultures.

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    2 - 5 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password - protected website for classroom use. 30. The yin and yang system of dietary planning is dominant in what cultural group? a. Chinese b. American c. Hispanic d. Swedish 31. The hot - cold classification of foods identifies characteristics in the natural world associated with body humors; which of the following is not one? a. Air - cold b. Earth - fire c. Fire - hot d. Water - moist 32. What term is used for the entire disease - illness process? a. Sickness b. Disease c. Illness d. Deficiency 33. Of the following, which is NOT one of the causes of disease as explained in the biomedical culture? a. Immediate causes (e.g. , bacterial infection) b. Underlying cause (e.g. , high cholesterol) c. Ultimate cause (e.g. , environmental stresses ) d. All of the above are causes 34. Which of the following would be an example of sickness due to the patient? a. Heart disease from eating fatty foods b. Getting struck by lightning c. Sickness from a virus d. All of the above 35. The use of astrology for determining the health status of a person coincides with what belief about sickness ? a. Sickness is due to the social world . b. Sickness is due to the patient . c. Sickness is due to the natural world . d. None of the above 36. Wind or bad air as a way of causing sickness is of particular concern to what cultural group? a. Arabs b. Mexicans c. Italians d. All of the above 37. A gaze that is believed by many to project harm on another person is called a. a stare. b. the evil eye. c. bewitched. d. a seizure.

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    2 - 6 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password - protected website for classroom use. 38. All of the following are persons who perform conjury except a. brujas . b. underworld men. c. voodoo doctors. d. mano negro . 39. What is the term for addressing the experience of illness, alleviating the infirmities of the sick, and responding to the personal, familial, and social issues surrounding sickness? a. Cure b. Holistic medicine c. Treatment d. Healing 40. Who is most likely to use complementary and alternative medicine in the U.S.? a. Mid - to - upper class women b. Young men c. The elderly d. The poor who can’t afford health care 41. Many botanical remedies are derived from plants and herbs. In general, the term botanical would include a. leafy parts only used as teas. b. leafy part s and roots used in tisanes. c. all therapeutic parts of all plants. d. roots only, especially ground up and used in supplements. e. all parts that contain antioxidants. 42. Healers who specialize in the use of herbal preparations in the American South are called a. witch doctors. b. voodoo practitioners. c. root doctors. d. none of the above 43. What is the practice where a spoon or coin is rubbed across the skin for healing or to relieve tension called? a. Acupuncture b. Coining c. Moxibustion d. Massage 44. To relieve yin (too much cold), a small burning bundle of herbs is used to restore balance of energy. What is this procedure called? a. Acupressure b. Coining c. Moxibustion d. Scratching 45. Sacred healers with exceptional powers among the Native American groups are called a. medicine men. b. espiritos . c. curanderas . d. faith healers.

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