Human Biology: Concepts And Current Issues , 6th Edition Test Bank

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Human Biology: Concepts And Current Issues , 6th Edition Test Bank - Page 1 preview image

ExamName___________________________________MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.1)Which of the following is a correct statement regarding metabolism?1)A)Animals use energy obtained directly from the sun and chemicals obtained from plants, otheranimals, air, and water.B)Plants get the raw materials they need for life processes entirely from air.C)Cells do not require energy to change molecules from one form to another.D)Few living organisms require raw materials and a constant source of energy.E)Cells maintain life through the breakdown of molecules and energy by chemical and physicalprocesses.Answer:EExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)2)Peer review is essential to the scientific process because2)A)it is the primary means for informing other scientists of new information in the field.B)the process can lead to improvements in articles prior to being published.C)it tests hypotheses proposed by investigators.D)it ensures that the findings from experimentation are modified prior to publication.E)the process immediately validates any hypotheses tested in the experiments.Answer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)3)Humans possess several characteristics that, when taken together, differentiate them from otherorganisms. These characteristics include3)A)large brain relative to body mass.B)opposable thumbs.C)capacity for complex language.D)bipedalism.E)All of the above are correct.Answer:EExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)1

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4)"Molecules of life" include all of the following4)A)water, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, carbohydrates.B)non-sugar carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, water.C)any non-carbon base molecule.D)lipids and proteins only.E)proteins, saturated fats, monosaccharides but not polysaccharides.Answer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)5)Approaching new information with a questioning attitude and looking for evidence to support theclaim involves5)A)skepticism.B)deductive reasoning.C)curiosity.D)the process of predicting an outcome.E)inductive reasoning.Answer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)6)Which of the following best describes the evolutionary advantage of bipedalism?6)A)results in improved eye-hand coordinationB)allows an organism to have precise control over the action of the thumb and fingersC)increases the chance that an organism can communicate through the written wordD)frees the hands for carrying objectsE)in early humans, allowed for complex motions associated with the use of toolsAnswer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)2

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7)The process by which living organisms maintain a fairly constant internal environment despitechanges in the external environment is known as7)A)evolution.B)biology.C)chemistry.D)metabolism.E)homeostasis.Answer:EExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)8)Unicellular organisms are believed to have formed from nonliving elements approximately________ years ago.8)A)3.5 billionB)1 millionC)2.5 billionD)200,000E)5 trillionAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)3

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9)The graph above depicts the relative increase in autism in children from 1997 to 2007 living inCalifornia. In 2001, the additive thimerosal was removed from most childhood vaccines. Based onthe information presented in the graph, what can be concluded about the hypothesis thatthimerosal causes autism?9)A)Prior to 2001, thimerosal clearly influenced the cases of autism in California.B)A sharp decrease in the cases of autism would be expected after 2001 if thimerosal was thecausative agent of autism.C)Thimerosal requires some other agent to help induce autism.D)Thimerosal, at the very least, contributes to the occurrence of autism as evidenced by thealmost logarithmic increase in children with autism from 2001-2007.E)The results of the study are inclusive.Answer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)10)In science, graphs are often used to display data collected from an experiment. Which of thefollowing is true regarding a graph?10)A)Most graphs are plotted on three axes.B)The horizontal axis is known as the ordinate.C)Graphs always involve plots of individual data points.D)The dependent variable is plotted on the x-axis.E)Independent variables may include age or time.Answer:EExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)11)The branch of science that studies living organisms and their life processes is11)A)GeologyB)PhysicsC)BiologyD)ChemistryAnswer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)4

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12)Which of the following best describes the proper sequence of steps involved in the scientificmethod?a. state hypothesisd. support or disprove hypothesisb. observee. form a predictionc. experiment12)A)b, a, e, c, dB)b, a, d, e, cC)e, b, a, c, dD)a, b, c, e, dE)a, b, c, d, eAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)13)One of the most common ways to get information out to a wide audience in the least amount oftime regarding "hot" topics in science is by using13)A)the Discovery channel on television.B)science magazines.C)books.D)peer-reviewed journals.E)general interest news magazines or newspapers.Answer:EExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)14)In the Domain classification system, which group of organisms contains multicellularphotosynthesizers?14)A)BacteriaB)MoneraC)PlantaeD)EukaryaAnswer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)15)A farmer wants to improve crop yield in his fields by testing the effectiveness of a new pesticideavailable on the market. Which of the following is the best control for this experiment?15)A)less new pesticide used on the control field than the experimental fieldB)a higher concentration of new pesticide used on the control field than the experimental fieldC)no new pesticide used on the control field; new pesticide used only on the experimental fieldD)more water on the control field than the experimental fieldE)more shade on the control field than the experimental fieldAnswer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)5

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16)Which of the following statements is FALSE?16)A)Scientists use the scientific method to gain knowledge about the natural world.B)Science is a process.C)The scientific method involves many different ways of obtaining information.D)Knowledge gained through the scientific method can be used to predict the natural world.E)Because scientific knowledge is empirical, it cannot be tested.Answer:EExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)17)Which of the following is true regarding knowledge gained through scientific investigation?17)A)This knowledge has resulted in less efficient sources of energy yet better health care.B)Scientific knowledge cannot be used to improve human life through technology.C)This information can be used to detect problems at an early stage and correct mistakes.D)This knowledge can be used to prove or disprove religious beliefs.E)Society as a whole generally ignores scientific information.Answer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)18)Which is the lowest level of biological organization that evolutionary change can occur?18)A)populationB)cellC)communityD)organismAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)19)Which of the following taxa (subgroups used in classification) applies to humans?19)A)MammalsB)MoneraC)ProtistaD)ProkaryaE)InvertebratesAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)6

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20)According to the Health Watch essay,The Growing Threat of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria, whichof the following is true?20)A)Antibiotics should be prescribed to treat viral infections such as the common cold.B)Consumers should decrease the use of antibacterial hand creams and soaps instead ofprescription antibiotics since these products are less likely to encourage the growth ofresistant bacteria.C)Antibiotics only kill harmful bacteria.D)Consumers should not support scientific research that will lead to the development of newantibiotics.E)Because of the indiscriminate use of antibiotics in medicine and society, some bacterial strainshave now become less resistant to almost all currently existing antibiotics.Answer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)21)A student needs information from the National Institutes of Health, a government agency. Whichof the following endings should he or she look for in the Internet address?21)A)comB)nihC)eduD)govE)orgAnswer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)22)Which group of organisms are thought to have given rise to plants and animals?22)A)EukaryaB)MoneransC)ProtistaD)ArchaeaAnswer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)23)According to a recent study of nearly 140,000 women who were enrolled in the Women'sHealth Initiative, women who breast-fed their babies had a lower risk of developing heartdisease and diabetes later in life than women who did not breast-fed their babies. Theseresearch findings are an example of23)A)SkepticismB)CorrelationC)Hypothesis testingD)Deductive reasoningE)CausationAnswer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)7

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24)Which of the following is a true statement?24)A)Molecules are considered to be the smallest unit capable of exhibiting all the characteristics oflife.B)Cells arise spontaneously from nonliving chemical elements.C)Organisms composed of many cells are unicellular.D)All living things are made up of at least one cell.E)Cells are incapable of maintaining homeostasis because they are too small.Answer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)25)The criteria for classification of animals, plants, and fungi are based largely on25)A)the structure or body plan of the organism.B)the organism's life cycle.C)the mode of nutrition of the organism.D)All of the above are correct.Answer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)26)Which of the following statements regarding scientific theory is FALSE?26)A)The highest status that a hypothesis can achieve is becoming a scientific theory.B)A hypothesis that has been repeatedly tested over time, and found to be true, usually becomesa scientific theory.C)A scientific theory explains scientific facts with a high degree of reliability.D)As new information is gained over time, scientific theories can be modified.E)A scientific theory is a speculation as to the possible outcome of an experiment.Answer:EExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)27)Which of the following is correct in terms of level of organization from least to most complex?27)A)atoms, cells, organism, organ systemsB)cells, tissue, organ, organ system, organismC)tissue, organ systems, population, cellsD)atoms, tissue, organs, populationAnswer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)8

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28)The Internet has been used as a rapid means to obtain information, including scientific ideas, butgenerally is less reliable than print media because28)A)individuals and/or groups may post information to promote their own personal interestsrather ideas that have been tested through the scientific process.B)at present, the Internet is less regulated than broadcast and print media.C)anyone can post "scientific" information, regardless of whether the information is misleadingor not true.D)All of the above are correct.Answer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)29)Which of the following is a kingdom?29)A)PrimatesB)EukaryaC)ArchaeaD)BacteriaE)AnimaliaAnswer:EExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)30)How does scientific information in peer-reviewed journals differ from that in newspapers?30)A)Articles often include political, ethical, and economic ramifications of the scientific findings.B)Information is more technical; readers usually require a background in the field in order tounderstand the article.C)The article is written by a reporter, not the researcher.D)Information is not approved by other scientists before its publication.E)Information is less in-depth and easily understood by the average reader.Answer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)31)The mathematics of interpreting and organizing data is known as31)A)statistics.B)correlation and causation.C)algebra.D)graphing.E)differential equations.Answer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)9

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SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.32)A group of similar organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring is a________.32)Answer:speciesExplanation:33)The first step of the scientific method is ________.33)Answer:observationExplanation:34)Monerans are classified into two domains: ________ and ________.34)Answer:Bacteria, ArchaeaExplanation:35)The process by which an individual makes a generalization after examining specific casesis ________ reasoning.35)Answer:inductiveExplanation:36)Organisms made up of one cell are said to be ________.36)Answer:unicellularExplanation:37)When data is presented in a graph, independent variables such as time or age should beplotted on the ________ (abscissa/ordinate).37)Answer:abscissaExplanation:38)Factors that are manipulated during an experimental procedure are called ________.38)Answer:variablesExplanation:39)Humans can grasp objects between their thumbs and fingers because the thumb is________.39)Answer:opposableExplanation:40)Data obtained from scientific experiments can best be displayed in a ________, which canbe used to explain the results of an experiment as well.40)Answer:graphExplanation:41)A(n) ________ is a tentative statement about the natural world that can lead to a testablededuction.41)Answer:hypothesisExplanation:10

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42)The chemical and physical processes that are involved in energy and moleculartransformations in living organisms are collectively termed ________.42)Answer:metabolismExplanation:43)Information that takes the form of a testimonial is considered to be ________, not scientific.43)Answer:anecdotalExplanation:44)A carefully planned and executed manipulation of the natural world used to test aprediction in the scientific method is a(n) ________.44)Answer:experimentExplanation:45)The application of scientific knowledge to improve the condition of humans is known as________.45)Answer:technologyExplanation:46)A properly designed controlled experiment should include both an ________ group and a________ group.46)Answer:experimental, controlExplanation:47)The ability to stand upright and walk on two legs is ________.47)Answer:bipedalismExplanation:48)A ________ is a higher classification system of organisms that encompasses kingdoms.48)Answer:domainExplanation:49)A group of tissues working together for a common purpose is known as a(n) ________.49)Answer:organExplanation:50)The four organic molecules found in all living systems are carbohydrates, nucleic acids,lipids, and ________.50)Answer:proteinsExplanation:TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.51)Because the natural world includes all energy and matter, it also includes all living organisms.51)Answer:TrueFalseExplanation:11

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52)Recent research indicates that humans are not the only mammal capable of standing upright andwalking on two legs.52)Answer:TrueFalseExplanation:53)Plants obtain their energy directly from the sun and their raw materials from the soil, air, and waterin their environment.53)Answer:TrueFalseExplanation:54)Since dietary supplements have met the same government regulations as prescription drugs, theyare a safe and effective treatment for specific diseases.54)Answer:TrueFalseExplanation:55)Approximately 3.5 billion years ago, single-celled organisms arose from non-living chemicalelements.55)Answer:TrueFalseExplanation:56)Not only does science involve gaining knowledge about the natural world, it also involves theprocess of obtaining that knowledge.56)Answer:TrueFalseExplanation:57)Special interest groups are not permitted to post information as "science" on the internet unless ithas undergone peer review.57)Answer:TrueFalseExplanation:58)Scientific knowledge cannot prove or disprove the existence, or importance to us, of issues that falloutside of the natural world.58)Answer:TrueFalseExplanation:59)Our society places a very high value on human life, and thus would not permit humans to be testedexperimentally if the end result is deliberate harm.59)Answer:TrueFalseExplanation:60)Manufacturers of dietary supplements are not required to report negative effects of the product tothe U.S. Food and Drug Administration.60)Answer:TrueFalseExplanation:61)"Blind" experiments are designed to reduce the possibility that the outcome of an experiment mightbe affected by the power of suggestion.61)Answer:TrueFalseExplanation:12

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62)The validity of a prediction in the scientific method is determined by experimentation orobservation.62)Answer:TrueFalseExplanation:63)After years of experimentation and testing, it is possible to prove that a hypothesis is true, at whichpoint it becomes absolute truth.63)Answer:TrueFalseExplanation:MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1.Each of the following terms is related to the scientific process. Match each to its description.64)the application of general principles tospecific casesAnswer:B65)when testing a prediction, thisaccounts for all possible variablesexcept the variable being consideredAnswer:AA)controlled experimentB)deductive reasoning64)65)Match each kingdom to its description.66)multicellular, eukaryotic organismsthat convert energy from the sun intofood; tallest organisms on the planetAnswer:AA)Plantae66)Your text lists several criteria that define living organisms; these are listed on the right. Match each to its example.67)Skin cells, like the bacteria living onhuman skin, give rise to newindividual cells.Answer:B68)Chemical analysis of a plant indicatesthat it is primarily composed ofcarbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen,sulfur, and phosphorous; theseelements are generally lacking in mostrocks.Answer:AA)Living things have a different molecularcomposition than nonliving things.B)Livings things grow and reproduce.67)68)Each of the following terms is related to the scientific process. Match each to its description.69)the process of testing ideas andgaining information about the naturalworldAnswer:AA)scientific method69)13

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Your text lists several criteria that define living organisms; these are listed on the right. Match each to its example.70)Many species of fish increaseswimming activity when moving intocolder waters.Answer:AA)Living things respond to their externalenvironment.70)Match each kingdom to its description.71)Some members are unicellular whileothers are multicellular eukaryotes;some, but not all, undergophotosynthesis; protozoa and algaeare common examples of the kingdom.Answer:A72)Organisms are single-celled, lackmembrane bound nuclei or othercellular components, and are foundeverywhere on the planet.Answer:BA)ProtistaB)Monera71)72)Your text lists several criteria that define living organisms; these are listed on the right. Match each to its example.73)All animals consume plants, animalsor other organisms in theirenvironment.Answer:AA)Living things require energy and rawmaterials.73)Match each kingdom to its description.74)All consume other organisms forenergy; are multicellular eukaryotes;members range from simple spongesto complex primates like humans.Answer:AA)Animalia74)Each of the following terms is related to the scientific process. Match each to its description.75)making a generalization fromknowledge gained from specific casesAnswer:AA)inductive reasoning75)Your text lists several criteria that define living organisms; these are listed on the right. Match each to its example.76)Through years of exposure, manyinsects have become resistant toinsecticides used in agriculture.Answer:AA)Populations of living things evolve.76)14

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Match each kingdom to its description.77)are responsible for breaking down thebodies of dead organisms, therebyreleasing nutrients back into theenvironmentAnswer:AA)Fungi77)Your text lists several criteria that define living organisms; these are listed on the right. Match each to its example.78)Certain blood vessels in humans willconstrict or dilate in during intenseexercise.Answer:AA)Living things maintain homeostasis.78)Each of the following terms is related to the scientific process. Match each to its description.79)a possible explanation to a proposedproblemAnswer:A80)a hypothesis that has been repeatedlytested and found to be trueAnswer:BA)hypothesisB)theory79)80)Your text lists several criteria that define living organisms; these are listed on the right. Match each to its example.81)Plants growing in flower beds aroundyour house will close leaf pores duringthe hot hours of the day.Answer:AA)Living things respond to their externalenvironment.81)ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.82)Explain how the characteristics of bipedalism and opposable thumbs are advantageous to humans.Answer:Bipedalism frees the hands and forearms for carrying items, tools, food, and even children. Coupled withopposable thumbs, these features have undoubtedly contributed to better defense against predators,increased utilization of resources, and even advanced communication through gesturing and writtensymbols.83)You have been asked to test the effectiveness of drug X in preventing the growth of certain types of cancerouscells. Your responsibilities include designing and executing the experimental approach. After completing thestudy, you realize that no control variables were defined. How will this impact your drug study?Answer:Failure to define the control variables implies that many unintended factors were left to change with theapplication of the drug. This would prevent you from determining whether any inhibition of thecancerous cells was due to drug X or some other factor that you did not control. The result is the studywould have to be repeated using appropriate controlled variables.15

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