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Rna and protein synthesis gizmo

Explore how cells use DNA as “design plans” to build proteins through processes like transcription and translation. Includes key terms like codon, anticodon, RNA, and ribosome.

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    Gizmos Name: Date: Student-Ezploration: RNA and Erctein Synthesis Directions: Follow the instructions to go through the simulation. Respond to the questions and prompts in the orange boxes. Vocabulary: amino acid, anticodon, codon, gene, messenger RNA, nitrogenous base, nucleotide, ribosome, RNA, RNA polymerase, transcription, transfer RNA, translation Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.) 1. Suppose vou want to design and build a house. How would vou communicate vour design plans with the construction crew that would work on the house? I would show them mv designs and plans and communicate what I would want to do 2. Cells build large, complicated molecules such as proteins. What do vou think cells use as their "design plans" for proteins? DNA Gizmo Warm-up Just as a construction crew uses blueprints to build a house, a cell uses DNA as plans for building proteins. In addition to DNA, another nucleic acid, called RNA, is involved in making proteins. In the JLVri and Prettin Sj'nrnesk Gizmo, vou will use both DNA and RNA to construct a protein out of amino acids. 1 ■ DNA is composed of the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), cvtosine I.C), guanine (G), and thvmine (T). RNA is composed of adenine, cvtosine, guanine, and uracil i.Ui. Look at the SIMULATION pane. Is the displaved segment a part of a DNA or RNA molecule? How do you know? DNA - it has thvmine, not uracil ■ + it is double stranded 2 RNA polvmerase is a type of enzyme. Enzymes help chemical processes occur quickly. Drag the vellow RNA polymerase molecule onto the DNA strand. Describe what happens. It splits a portion of the DNA sequence bv breaking the hydrogen bonds between the complementary base pairs Reproduction tor educattcnal use only. Pubic sharing or posting prehnites C 2020 ExptoreLeamlng™ All rights reserved

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    Activity As Get the Gi-mo ready: IF" Transcription * If necessary, drag the RNA polymerast molecule onto the DNA strand. ____ Introduction: The first stage of building a protein involves a process known as transcription. In transcription, a segment of DNA serves as a template to produce a complementary strand of RNxA. This complementary strand is called messenger RNA, or mRNA. Question: What: occurs during transcription? 1 ■ P.yperim p-nt- Like DNA, RNA follows base-pairing rules. Experiment to find which RNA nucleotide on the right side of the Gizmo will successfully pair with the thymine at the top of the template strand of DNA. (NOTE: The DNA on the right side is the template strand.) Which RNA base bonded with the thvmine? Adenine 2. Experiment: The next three bases on the DNA template strand are adenine, cytosine, and guanine. Use the Gizmo to answer the following questions: A. Which RNxA base bonds with adenine? E. Which RNxA base bonds with cytosine? C. Which RNxA base bonds with guanine? 3. Observe: In molecules of RNA, uracil takes the place of the DNA base Thymine 4. Build: Continue building the strand of mRNxA until you have used all of the RNA nucleotides. What is the nucleotide sequence of the mRNA strand vou built? xAUGCUGxACCLIAG 5. Applv: Suppose a template strand of DNA had the following sequence: T A C G G A T A A C T A C C G G G T A T T C A A Uracil Guanine Cvtosine What would be the complementary strand of mRNA? U G e c u C C A G U U Predict How would a change to the sequence of nucleotides in a DNxA segment affect the mRNA transcribed from the DNA? Reproduction Far educatlaial use only. Public snaring or posting prcntlted. c 2020 ExpfcreLeamlng™ All rtgiits reserved

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