Test Bank For Biological Science 6th Edition Test Bank

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1Biological Science, 6e(Freeman/Quillin/Allison)Chapter 1Biology and the Tree of Life1) Which of the following is NOT related to the five fundamental characteristics of life?A) A bacterial cell divides to produce two cells.B) Sugars are transported on carrier proteins into cells across the plasma membrane.C) Sugars are broken down inside cells to produce energy.D) The gene that specifies skin color in frogs is expressed during its development from a tadpoleinto an adult frog.E) Giraffes have longer necks so that they can reach food sources unavailable to other animals.Answer: EBloom's Taxonomy: Applying/AnalyzingV&C Core Concept: EV&C Core Comp: PSLO: 1.1, 1.2Section: 1.12) Pasteur's experiments proved that ________.A) cells cannot survive in swan-necked flasksB) in order to grow, cells need to be supplied with oxygenC) spontaneous generation can only occur if nutrient broth is left open to the environmentD) sterilizing nutrient broth prevents spontaneous generationE) preexisting cells present in the air can grow in sterilized nutrient brothAnswer: EBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingV&C Core Concept: EMV&C Core Comp: PSLO: 1.1, 1.2Section: 1.23) Recall Pasteur's experiment on spontaneous generation. If he had just warmed the nutrient-rich broth, rather than boiled it, what would have been the likely outcome of his experiment?Cells would ________.A) not have appeared in either flaskB) have appeared in both flasksC) have appeared in the swan-neck but not the straight-neck flaskD) have appeared in the straight-neck but not the swan-neck flaskAnswer: BBloom's Taxonomy: Applying/AnalyzingV&C Core Concept: EMV&C Core Comp: PSLO: 1.1, 1.2Section: 1.2

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24) Spontaneous generation ________.A) was demonstrated to occur under normal laboratory conditions by PasteurB) apparently occurred at least once–when life on Earth beganC) occurs every time a new species evolves from a preexisting speciesD) addresses the formation of new cells from existing cellsAnswer: BBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingV&C Core Concept: EMV&C Core Comp: PSLO: 1.1, 1.2Section: 1.25) Algae in the genusCaulerpatypically grow to a length of over half a meter and havestructures similar to stems, leaves, and roots. Reproduction occurs when adults produce spermand eggs that fuse to form offspring. Each adultCaulerpaconsists of just a single cell, however.Which of the following statements is TRUE?A)Caulerpaviolate the pattern component of the cell theory that all organisms consist of cells.B)Caulerpaviolate the process component of the cell theory that all cells come from preexistingcells.C)Caulerpaviolate both the pattern and process components of the cell theory.D) The existence ofCaulerpais consistent with the cell theory.Answer: DBloom's Taxonomy: Applying/AnalyzingV&C Core Concept: SFV&C Core Comp: PSLO: 1.1, 1.2Section: 1.26) Cotton-topped tamarins are small primates with tufts of long white hair on their heads. Whilestudying these creatures, you notice that males with longer hair get more opportunities to mateand father more offspring. To test the hypothesis that having longer hair is adaptive in thesemales, you should ________.A) test whether other traits in these males are also adaptiveB) look for evidence of hair in ancestors of tamarinsC) determine if hair length is heritableD) test whether males with shaved heads are still able to mateAnswer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Applying/AnalyzingV&C Core Concept: EV&C Core Comp: PSLO: 1.1, 1.2Section: 1.3

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3The following experiment is used for the corresponding question(s).A researcher discovered a species of moth that lays its eggs on oak trees. Eggs are laid at twodistinct times of the year: early in spring when the oak trees are flowering and in midsummerwhen flowering is past. Caterpillars from eggs that hatch in spring feed on oak flowers and looklike oak flowers. But caterpillars that hatch in summer feed on oak leaves and look like oaktwigs.How does the same population of moths produce such different-looking caterpillars on the sametrees? To answer this question, the biologist caught many female moths from the samepopulation and collected their eggs. He put at least one egg from each female into eight identicalcups. The eggs hatched, and at least two larvae from each female were maintained in one of thefour temperature and light conditions listed below.In each of the four environments, one of the caterpillars was fed oak flowers; the other, oakleaves. Thus, there were a total of eight treatment groups (4 environments × 2 diets).7) Refer to the accompanying figure. Which one of the following is NOT a plausible hypothesisto explain the differences in caterpillar appearance observed in this population?A) The longer day lengths of summer trigger the development of twiglike caterpillars.B) The cooler temperatures of spring trigger the development of flowerlike caterpillars.C) Differences in air pressure, due to differences in elevation, trigger the development ofdifferent types of caterpillars.D) Differences in diet trigger the development of different types of caterpillars.Answer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Applying/AnalyzingV&C Core Concept: SF, EV&C Core Comp: PSLO: 1.1Section: 1.3

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48) Refer to the accompanying figure. In every case, caterpillars that feed on oak flowers lookedlike oak flowers. In every case, caterpillars that were raised on oak leaves looked like twigs.These results support which of the following hypotheses?A) The longer day lengths of summer trigger the development of twiglike caterpillars.B) Differences in air pressure, due to elevation, trigger the development of different types ofcaterpillars.C) Differences in diet trigger the development of different types of caterpillars.D) The differences are genetic. A female will either produce all flowerlike caterpillars or alltwiglike caterpillars.Answer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Applying/AnalyzingV&C Core Concept: SF, EV&C Core Comp: PSLO: 1.2Section: 1.39) Refer to the accompanying figure. Recall that eggs from the same female were exposed toeach of the eight treatments used. This aspect of the experimental design tested which of thefollowing hypotheses?A) The longer day lengths of summer trigger the development of twiglike caterpillars.B) Differences in air pressure, due to elevation, trigger the development of different types ofcaterpillars.C) Differences in diet trigger the development of different types of caterpillars.D) The differences are genetic. A female will either produce all flowerlike caterpillars or alltwiglike caterpillars.Answer: DBloom's Taxonomy: Applying/AnalyzingV&C Core Concept: SF, EV&C Core Comp: PSLO: 1.2Section: 1.3

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510) Recall the caterpillar experiment in which caterpillars born in the spring looked like flowers,and caterpillars born in the summer looked like twigs. What is the most likely selectiveadvantage for this difference in body shape?A) Looking like their food sources allows the caterpillars to move through their environmentmore efficiently.B) Development into the adult moth form is faster for caterpillars shaped like twigs than likeflowers.C) Looking like their food source lets the caterpillars blend into their surroundings, reducingpredation.D) Looking like their food source will increase the caterpillars' feeding efficiency; this wouldincrease their growth rate and survival rate.Answer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Applying/AnalyzingV&C Core Concept: SF, EV&C Core Comp: PSLO: 1.1, 1.2Section: 1.311) Cells are ________.A) only found in pairs, because single cells cannot exist independentlyB) limited in size to 200 and 500 micrometers in diameterC) characteristic of eukaryotic but not prokaryotic organismsD) characteristic of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organismsAnswer: DBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingV&C Core Concept: SFV&C Core Comp: PSLO: 1.1, 1.2Section: 1.2, 1.512) In comparison to eukaryotes, prokaryotes ________.A) are more structurally complexB) use RNA to store genetic informationC) are smallerD) do not have membranesE) have chromosomes composed of single-stranded DNAAnswer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingV&C Core Concept: SF, EV&C Core Comp: PSLO: 1.1Section: 1.4, 1.5

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613) The structure of double helical DNA ________.A) serves as a template for protein synthesisB) is used to synthesize messenger RNAC) contains two identical single strands of DNAD) must be accurately copied to ensure variation in organismsAnswer: BBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingV&C Core Concept: IV&C Core Comp: PSLO: 1.1Section: 1.514) Which of these provides evidence of the common ancestry of all life?A) ubiquitous use of catalysts by living systemsB) near universality of the genetic codeC) structure of the nucleusD) the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to proteinE) the directionality of protein synthesisAnswer: BBloom's Taxonomy: Applying/AnalyzingV&C Core Concept: SF, EV&C Core Comp: PSLO: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3Section: 1.515) Protists and bacteria are grouped into different domains because ________.A) protists eat bacteriaB) bacteria are not made of cellsC) protists have a membrane-bounded nucleus, which bacterial cells lackD) bacteria decompose protistsE) protists lack the genetic diversity that bacteria haveAnswer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingV&C Core Concept: SF, EV&C Core Comp: PSLO: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3Section: 1.5

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716) You have isolated and purified a new species of cells from the rain forest and you want toplace this new species in the appropriate branch of the tree of life. You sequence the ribosomalRNA genes from these cells and discover that for one particular region of the ribosomal gene(the rRNA) the RNA sequence is AAUGAAGG. You have sequences from the same region ofthe ribosomal genes (the rRNA) from each of these species: bacteria, eukaryote and archaea,which are listed below.bacteria AUAGAUGGeukaryote AAAGAAGGarchaea AAUGGAGUBased on these sequence results, to which branch of the tree of life should you assign this newspecies?A) archaeaB) bacteriaC) eukaryoteD) bacteria and archaeaE) There is not enough information.Answer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Applying/AnalyzingV&C Core Concept: EV&C Core Comp: PSLO: 1.3Section: 1.517) How does a scientific theory differ from a scientific hypothesis?A) Theories are proposed to test scientific hypotheses.B) Theories are usually an explanation for a more general phenomenon; hypotheses typicallyaddress more specific issues.C) Hypotheses are usually an explanation for a more general phenomenon; theories typicallyaddress more specific issues.D) Confirmed theories become scientific laws; hypotheses become theories.Answer: BBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingV&C Core Comp: PSLO: 1.4Section: 1.6

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818) Louis Pasteur's experiment had a good design because ________.A) simple equipment was usedB) a major question, spontaneous generation, was testedC) the possible outcomes led to distinct, unambiguous conclusionsD) the experiment was a successAnswer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Applying/AnalyzingV&C Core Comp: PSLO: 1.4Section: 1.619) Recall the experiment on ant navigation. To run a controlled experiment, what parameterswere held constant for the test group of 75 ants?A) stride numberB) leg lengthC) stride number, leg length, and environmental temperatureD) all variables except leg lengthAnswer: DBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingV&C Core Comp: PSLO: 1.4Section: 1.620) Your colleague proposes to test the mechanism of ant navigation by placing a food source 7meters (m) from the nest. She then takes ants from the nest and places them in a spot that is 4 mfrom the nest and 3 m from the food source. Based on the previous data, where do you expect theants to start searching for their nest on their return trip?A) after they have traveled 3 m from the food sourceB) after they have traveled 4 m from the food sourceC) after they have traveled 7 m from the food sourceD) as soon as they leave the food sourceAnswer: ABloom's Taxonomy: Applying/AnalyzingV&C Core Comp: PS, QRLO: 1.4Section: 1.6

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921) For many years, no one bothered to test the food-competition hypothesis for why giraffeshave long necks. Why?A) It had been much too difficult to test.B) The hypothesis was so plausible that no one thought to question it.C) They tried, but the results were inconclusive.D) The hypothesis did not make clear predictions that could be tested.Answer: BBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingV&C Core Concept: EV&C Core Comp: PSLO: 1.4Section: 1.622) A friend of yours calls to say that his car would not start this morning. He asks for your help.You say that you think the battery must be dead. If so, then jump-starting the car from a goodbattery will solve the problem. In doing so, you are ________.A) testing a theory for why the car will not startB) making observations to inspire a theory for why the car will not startC) stating a hypothesis and using that hypothesis to make a testable predictionD) comparing multiple hypotheses for why the car will not startAnswer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Applying/AnalyzingV&C Core Comp: PSLO: 1.4Section: 1.623)Agrobacteriuminfects plants and causes them to form tumors. You are asked to determinehow long a plant must be exposed to these bacteria to become infected. Which of the followingexperiments will provide the best data to address that question?A) Measure the number of tumors formed on plants, which are exposed to differentconcentrations ofAgrobacteriumfor different lengths of time.B) Measure the number of tumors formed on a plant when exposed to various concentrations ofAgrobacterium.C) Measure the concentration ofAgrobacteriumin different soil environments where the plantsgrow.D) Measure the number of tumors formed on plants, which are exposed to a known concentrationofAgrobacteriumfor different lengths of time.Answer: DBloom's Taxonomy: Applying/AnalyzingV&C Core Concept: SV&C Core Comp: PSLO: 1.4Section: 1.6

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1024)Agrobacteriuminfects plants and causes them to form tumors. You determine that tumorformation requires a large amount of the plant's energy for tissue formation. How might thischange the number of offspring a plant produces, and what is the most likely explanation for thischange?A) The number of offspring should increase, because in general, illness increases thereproductive output of organisms.B) The number of offspring should increase, because the bacteria will provide energy for theplant.C) The number of offspring should decrease, because the plant will divert energy fromreproduction to tumor formation.D) There should be no effect of infection on offspring production, because energy forreproduction is independent of infection.Answer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Applying/AnalyzingV&C Core Concept: SV&C Core Comp: PSLO: 1.4Section: 1.6Use the following information when answering the corresponding question(s).In 1668, Francesco Redi performed a series of experiments on spontaneous generation. He beganby putting similar pieces of meat into eight identical jars. Four jars were left open to the air, andfour were sealed. He then did the same experiment with one variation: Instead of sealing four ofthe jars completely, he covered them with gauze (the gauze excluded the flies while allowing themeat to be exposed to air). In both experiments, he monitored the jars and recorded whether ornot maggots (young flies) appeared in the meat.25) Refer to the paragraph on Redi's experiments. What hypothesis was being tested in the initialexperiment with open versus sealed jars?A) Spontaneous generation is more likely during the long days of summer.B) The type of meat used affects the likelihood of spontaneous generation.C) Maggots do not arise spontaneously, but from eggs laid by adult flies.D) Spontaneous generation can occur only if meat is exposed to air.Answer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Applying/AnalyzingV&C Core Concept: SV&C Core Comp: PSLO: 1.4Section: 1.6

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1126) Refer to the paragraph on Redi's experiments. In both experiments, flies appeared in all ofthe open jars and only in the open jars. Which one of the following statements is correct?A) The experiment was inconclusive because Redi used only one kind of meat.B) The experiment was inconclusive because it did not run long enough.C) The experiment supports the hypothesis that spontaneous generation occurs in rotting meat.D) The experiment supports the hypothesis that maggots arise only from eggs laid by adult flies.Answer: DBloom's Taxonomy: Applying/AnalyzingV&C Core Concept: SV&C Core Comp: PSLO: 1.4Section: 1.627) The best experimental design ________.A) includes a large sample size for each conditionB) includes a controlC) alters only one condition between the controls and the experimental conditionD) includes a large sample size and a control and alters only one condition between the controlsand the experimental conditionAnswer: DBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingV&C Core Comp: PSLO: 1.4Section: 1.628) In the process of science, which of these is NOT used to test a hypothesis?A) a theoryB) a resultC) an observationD) a control groupAnswer: ABloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingV&C Core Comp: PSLO: 1.4Section: 1.6

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1229) A controlled experiment ________.A) is repeated many times to ensure that the results are accurateB) proceeds at a slow pace to guarantee that the scientist can carefully observe all reactions andprocess all experimental dataC) includes at least two groups, one of which does not receive the experimental treatmentD) includes at least two groups, one differing from the other by two or more variablesE) includes one group for which the scientist controls all variablesAnswer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingV&C Core Comp: PSLO: 1.4Section: 1.630) Which of the following are qualities of any good scientific hypothesis?I.It is testable.II.It is falsifiable.III. It produces quantitative data.IV.It produces results that can be replicated.A) I onlyB) II onlyC) III onlyD) I and IIE) III and IVAnswer: DBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingV&C Core Comp: PSLO: 1.4Section: 1.631) In presenting data that result from an experiment, a group of students show that most of theirmeasurements fall on a straight diagonal line on their graph. However, two of their data pointsare "outliers" and fall far to one side of the expected relationship. What should they do?A) Change their experiment so that the outlier data points are eliminated.B) Average several trials, rule out the improbable results, and do not show them in the finalwork.C) Show all results obtained and then try to explore the reason(s) for these outliers.D) Redesign the experiment using a different hypothesis.E) Change the values on the graph so that only the straight diagonal line is produced.Answer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/CreatingV&C Core Comp: PS, QRLO: 1.4Section: 1.6

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1332) Which of the following is the best description of a control for an experiment?A) The control group is kept in an unchanging environment.B) The control group is left alone by the experimenters.C) The control group is matched with the experimental group except for one experimentalvariable.D) The control group is exposed to only one variable rather than several.E) Only the experimental group is tested or measured.Answer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingV&C Core Comp: PSLO: 1.4Section: 1.633) Why is a scientific topic best discussed by people of varying points of view, from differentsubdisciplines, and representing diverse cultures?A) They can correct each other's approach to make it scientific.B) Robust and critical discussion between diverse groups improves scientific thinking.C) Scientists can coordinate with others to conduct experiments in similar ways.D) This is a way of ensuring that everyone gets the same results.E) People need to exchange their ideas with other disciplines and cultures because everyone hasa right to an opinion in science.Answer: BBloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/CreatingV&C Core Comp: PS, I, CC, SSLO: 1.4Section: 1.634) A controlled experiment is one that ________.A) proceeds slowly enough that a scientist can make careful records of the resultsB) tests experimental and control groups in parallelC) is repeated many times to make sure the results are accurateD) controls all variablesE) is supervised by an experienced scientistAnswer: BBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingV&C Core Comp: PSLO: 1.4Section: 1.6

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1435) Which of the following statements best distinguishes scientific hypotheses from scientifictheories?A) Hypotheses describe and theories explain.B) Hypotheses explain and theories describe.C) Hypotheses are usually narrower in scope; theories have broader explanatory power.D) Hypotheses are used in experiments. Theories are not tested.E) Hypotheses are generally supported by more evidence than theories.Answer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingV&C Core Comp: PSLO: 1.4Section: 1.636) Which of the following best describes the logic of scientific inquiry?A) If I generate a testable hypothesis, tests and observations will support it.B) If my prediction is correct, it will lead to a testable hypothesis.C) If my observations are accurate, they will support my hypothesis.D) If my hypothesis is correct, I can expect certain test results.E) If my experiments are set up right, they will lead to a testable hypothesis.Answer: DBloom's Taxonomy: Applying/AnalyzingV&C Core Comp: PSLO: 1.4Section: 1.637) The formulation of a model for a structure or for a process serves which of the followingpurposes?A) It asks a scientific question.B) It functions as a testable hypothesis.C) It records observations.D) It serves as a data point among results.E) It can be arrived at only after years of experimentation.Answer: BBloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/CreatingV&C Core Comp: PS, MSLO: 1.4Section: 1.6

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1Biological Science, 6e(Freeman/Quillin/Allison)Chapter 2Water and Carbon: The Chemical Basis of Life1) About twenty-five of the 92 natural elements are known to be essential to life. Which 4 ofthese 25 elements make up approximately 96 percent of living matter?A) carbon, sodium, hydrogen, nitrogenB) carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, hydrogenC) oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, nitrogenD) carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygenE) carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, calciumAnswer: DBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingV&C Core Concept: EMV&C Core Comp: PSLO: 2.1Section: 2.12) Why is each element unique with respect to its chemical properties? Each element has adistinctive ________.A) atomic massB) number of electronsC) number of protonsD) number of neutronsE) radioactive propertyAnswer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingV&C Core Concept: EMV&C Core Comp: PSLO: 2.1Section: 2.13) Knowing the atomic mass of an element allows inferences about which of the following?A) the number of electrons in the elementB) the number of protons in the elementC) the number of neutrons in the elementD) the number of protons plus neutrons in the elementE) the number of protons plus electrons in the elementAnswer: DBloom's Taxonomy: Applying/AnalyzingV&C Core Concept: EMV&C Core Comp: PSLO: 2.1Section: 2.1

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