The Biology of Cancer Second Edition Test Bank

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TheBiology of Cancer,2nd Edition,QuestionBank© 2014 Garland ScienceChapter 1The Biology andGenetics of Cells and OrganismsLevel 1:Comprehension of reading, knowledge of terminologyLevel 2:Understanding and application of information to compare and contrast orinterpretation of dataLevel 3:Analysis andapplication of information to a problem,anexperiment,asecondary concept,or previous knowledge1.1In a hypothetical cross between two fruit flies, onewithred eyes and onewithwhite eyes, all resulting progeny had redeyes. This would suggestthat(Level 2)A.The red-eyed trait is recessive to white eyes.B.Thered-eyed trait is dominant to white eyes.C.Thered-eyed and white-eyed genes are co-dominant.D.Theeye color trait is most likely coded for by multiple genes.E.None of the above.1.2Which of the following mutations would beMOSTlikelyto be retained in aspecies gene pool?(Level 3)A.Amutation resulting in a deleterious change in acytoskeletal protein structureB.Amutation in an exon of agene coding for DNA repairC.Amutation in an intronof a gene coding for DNA repairD.BothA and BE.None of the above1.3Many cancer cells exhibitaneuploidy,meaningthatthey(Level 1)A.Proliferateat higher rates than normal cells.

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B.Exhibithigher rates of apoptosis than normal cells.C.Havean abnormal number of chromosomes.D.Havea normal number of autosomes.E.Havemutations in genes involved in the cell cycle.1.4Which of the following is NOT true of somatic mutations?(Level 2)A.They occur in non-germ-line cells.B.They can be passed on to linealdescendantsof the cellthat wasmutated.C.They may occur at any time during an individual’s lifetime.D.They can be passed on from parent to child.E.They often play a role in cancer formation.1.5Which of the following is NOT a type of post-translational modification? (Level 2)A.A change in the base sequences of DNAB.Cleavage of a protein product by proteasesC.Addition of lipid groups to the protein chainD.GlycosylationE.Methylation1.6The template on which ribosomes assemble the amino acidsthat form proteins isknown as(Level 1)A.hnRNAB.messenger RNAC.ribosomal RNAD.DNA

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E.None of the above1.7The expression of agiven gene may be influenced by(Level 2)A.ActivatingtranscriptionfactorsB.EnhancersequencesC.HistonemodificationsD.Changesin chromatin structureE.All of the above1.8Which of the following types of changes would most likely NOT be associatedwith increased cancer risk? (Level 3)A.A mutation resulting in higher levelsof K-Ras expressionB.Reduced expression ofHOTAIRlncRNAC.Lossof function of the Dicer enzymeD.A mutation in K-Ras that prevents recognition byLet-7E.None of the above1.9Which of the following is true of orthologous genes? (Level 1)A.They are genes in different species that evolved from a common ancestor.B.They code for proteins having different functions.C.They are genes located on the same chromosome.D.They are related genes within the same species.E.All of the above.1.10The discovery of which of the following enzymes allowed researchers tosynthesize complementary DNA from mRNAin vitro? (Level 1)

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A.DNA ligaseB.DNA polymeraseC.DNA synthetaseD.Reverse transcriptaseE.None of the above1.11Which of the following can contribute to the initiation of cancer?(Level 2)A.Somatic mutationsB.Germ-line mutationsC.Gene amplificationD.AneuploidyE.All of the above1.12Which of the following would be LEAST likely to contribute to transformation of acell?(Level 2)A.A mutation resulting in a change insplicingB.A mutation in a transcription factorC.A silent mutation in an intronD.An activating mutation in an exon of a gene coding for a protein thatpromotescellular proliferationE.Changes in the expression level of a miRNA that is involved in proteinsynthesisAnswers1.1B1.2C

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1.3C1.4D1.5A1.6B1.7E1.8B1.9A1.10D1.11E1.12C

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The Biology of Cancer, 2nd Edition, Question Bank© 2014 Garland ScienceChapter 2The Nature of CancerLevel 1:Comprehension of reading, knowledge of terminologyLevel 2:Understanding and application of information to compare and contrast orinterpretation of dataLevel 3:Analysis and application of information to a problem,anexperiment,asecondary concept,or previous knowledge2.1Which of the following is true of carcinomas?(Level 2)A.They are responsible for>80% of Western world cancer deaths.B.They involve cell types arising from all three embryonic germ layers.C.They often involve epithelial cells.D.Examples of tissue sites where they are found include the lung andpancreas.E.All of the above.2.2Tumors that arise from mesenchymal celltypes are called(Level 1)A.CarcinomasB.LymphomasC.SarcomasD.AdenocarcinomasE.Leukemias

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2.3Which of the following types of cellular changes would be considered to bemalignant?(Level 2)A.DysplasiaB.Squamouscell carcinomaC.PapillomaD.FibromaE.Adenoma2.4Which of the following schematicsMOSTlikelydescribes the correct order ofcellular changes that occur in the progression of malignancy?(Level 2)A.Normal→hyperplastic→dysplastic→neoplastic→metastaticB.Normal→dysplastic→hyperplastic→neoplastic→metastaticC.Normal→hyperplastic→dysplastic→metastatic→neoplasticD.Normal→neoplastic→dysplastic→hyperplastic→metastaticE.None of the above2.5Analysis of a patient’s lung tumor reveals that all of the malignant cells in thistumor have a specific chromosomal abnormality involving a fusion event betweentwo sets of chromosomes.ThisMOSTlikely suggests that(Level 3)A.Thismutation was inherited.B.Thetumor is polyclonal.C.Thetumor is monoclonal in origin.D.Alarge number of normal cells simultaneously underwent this mutation.

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E.Noneof the above.2.6In the revised Ames test, Bruce Ames mixed chemicals with homogenized ratliver prior to adding them to bacteria to assess their mutagenicity.What was thepurpose of this step of the experiment?(Level 3)A.Todeterminewhetherthe chemicals killed mammalian cellsB.Todeterminewhetherthe chemicals induced cancer in mammalian cellsC.Todetoxify the chemicals priorto assessing their mutagenicityD.Tometabolically activate the chemicals priorto assessing their mutagenicityE.None of the above2.7Which of the following isNOTa test for mutagenicity?(Level 2)A.ProliferationassayB.Ames testC.Testfor sister chromatid exchange (SCE)D.KaryotypeanalysisE.Analysisof micronuclei2.8Atumor promoter(Level 3)A.Inducesmutations in DNA.B.Cancause cancer on its own.C.Enhancestumorigenesis through nongenetic mechanisms.

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D.Isalways a naturally occurring compound.E.B and C.2.9The level of mutagenicity of a particular chemical may depend upon(Level 2)A.Itsmetabolic conversionwithin an organism.B.Thecell type with which it comes in contact.C.Expressionlevels of genes coding for proteins that are able to inactivatemutagens within the cell.D.Thepresence of other tumor-promoting compounds.E.Allof the above.2.10Which of the following compounds was identified as being carcinogenic by theAmes test?(Level 1)A.BlackpepperB.RhubarbC.CeleryD.CoffeeE.Allof the above2.11Malignant tumors(Level 2)A.Alwayscontain a single cell type.B.Haveacquired characteristics of invasiveness.

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C.Aresurrounded by an intact basement membrane.D.Areoften described as beingin-situ.E.C and D.2.12Which of the following is true of energy metabolism by cancer cells?(Level 2)A.They usually generate ATP through the Krebscycle.B.They are more efficient at energy metabolism than normal cells and generate36 molecules of ATP for every glucose molecule metabolized.C.They generate energy through glycolysis only when cells are experiencinghypoxia.D.They import much higher levels of glucose in comparisonwithnormal cells.E.None of the above.Answers2.1E2.2C2.3B2.4A2.5C2.6D2.7A2.8C2.9E2.10E2.11B

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2.12D

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The Biology of Cancer, 2nd Edition, Question Bank© 2014 Garland ScienceChapter 3 Tumor VirusesLevel 1:Comprehension of reading, knowledge of terminologyLevel 2:Understanding and application of information to compare and contrast orinterpretation of dataLevel 3:Analysis and application of information to a problem,anexperiment,asecondary concept,or previous knowledge3.1Dulbecco and Rubin discovered that they could infect chicken embryo fibroblastswith RSV in culture.Which of the following was NOT a characteristic exhibited bythese cellsafter they were infected?(Level 2)A.Virus particles were produced by these cells for many weeks.B.Cells formed clusters, or foci, after infection.C.The cells seemed to demonstrate uninhibited proliferation.D.The cells exhibited flattened morphology.E.The cells exhibited metabolic properties similar to those observed in tumorcells.3.2Experiments using temperature-sensitive mutants of RSV to infect chickenembryo fibroblasts demonstrated that(Level 2)A.Infectionwith RSV is necessary to initiate transformation of these cells, butthe RSV genome isnot needed to maintainthe transformed state.B.TheRSV transforming gene is necessary for both the initiation andmaintenance of transformation in these cells.

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C.Infectionwith RSV alone is unable to transform these cells.D.Cellsinfected with RSV continue to exhibit normal cellular morphology.E.Noneof the above.3.3Which of the following is considered to be a tumor virus?(Level 1)A.HepatitisBvirus (HBV)B.Human papillomavirus (HPV)C.Shope fibroma virusD.Human adenovirus 5E.All of the above3.4Which of the following is a property of transformed cells?(Level 2)A.Rounded shapeB.Reduced requirement for mitogenic growth factorsC.Loss of contact inhibitionD.Increased transport of glucoseE.All of the above3.5Theabilityof cellssuspended insoft (semi-solid)agarmediumto form coloniesisa good predictor that(Level 3)A.Thesecells will form tumors if injected subcutaneously intoimmunocompromised mice.

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B.Thesecells have stopped proliferating and will die.C.Thesecells would fail to grow in normal medium.D.Thesecells have an increased requirement for growth factors.E.Noneof the above.3.6Once a cell has been infected with a virus, how might viral genes be transmittedfrom mother to daughter cells?(Level 2)A.Viral DNAcarriesits own replication machinery, replicating its own genomeindependently of host enzymes.B.Viral DNA may be integrated into the host cell’s chromosomes, so that it isreplicated along with host DNA prior to cell division.C.Viral DNA may be linked to host DNA through protein bridges,allowing it totag along with host chromosomal DNA during cell division.D.B and C.E.All of the above.3.7Which of the following enzymes are encoded by retroviral DNA?(Level 2)A.Integrase.B.Reverse transcriptase.C.RNApolymerase II.D.A and B.E.None of these enzymes are encoded by retroviral DNA.

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3.8A gene found in a normal cell’s genome that can be picked up and altered by avirus to drive cellular transformation is known as(Level 1)A.AnoncogeneB.Aproto-oncogeneC.AtransgeneD.AprotogeneE.None of the above3.9Scientists may map the insertion sites of viruses in DNA isolated from tumorsthat formed following retroviral infection in order to(Level 3)A.Identifythe viral genes responsible for transformation.B.Discovernew proto-oncogenes.C.Determinehow viruses suppress tumorigenesis.D.Understandhow viruses infect cells.E.Allof the above.3.10Some retroviruses are able to transform cells through(Level 2)A.Insertingthemselvesnear a proto-oncogene in the host genome.B.Acquiringoncogenes within their own genome.C.Possessinggenes that specifyproteins that activate cellular genes involved inproliferation.D.A, B,and C.

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