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Biology /5.3: T-lymphocytes and cell-mediated immunity

5.3: T-lymphocytes and cell-mediated immunity

Biology5 CardsCreated 7 months ago

Antigens are molecules on cell surfaces that trigger immune responses when recognized as foreign. T lymphocytes (cell-mediated immunity) mature in the thymus and detect infected or abnormal cells by recognizing these antigens, while B lymphocytes (humoral immunity) mature in bone marrow. T cells are activated when phagocytes or infected cells present antigens on their surface.

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Define an antigen

Molecules present on the surface of cells which are recognised as non-self and stimulate an immune response

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Key Terms

Term

Definition

Define an antigen

Molecules present on the surface of cells which are recognised as non-self and stimulate an immune response

Describe the differences between B and T lymphocytes

B- mature in the bone marrow. T- mature in the thymus gland.
B-Associated with humeral immunity. T- associated with cell-mediated immunity.

Why can t-lymphocytes distinguish invader cells from normal cells

-Phagocytes that have engulfed and hydrolysed a pathogen present some of a pathogens antigens on their own cell-surface membrane
-body cells inv...

Describe the process of cell-mediated immunity

Pathogens invade body cells or are taken in by phagocytes
Phagocytes present antigens from the pathogen on its cell-surface ...

How to cytoxic t-cells kill infected cells?

Produced a protein called perforin that makes holes in the cell-surface membrane
These holes mean that the cell-surface membrane becomes freely ...

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5.3: T-lymphocytes and cell-mediated immunity

Term	Definition
Define an antigen	Molecules present on the surface of cells which are recognised as non-self and stimulate an immune response
Describe the differences between B and T lymphocytes	B- mature in the bone marrow. T- mature in the thymus gland. B-Associated with humeral immunity. T- associated with cell-mediated immunity.
Why can t-lymphocytes distinguish invader cells from normal cells	-Phagocytes that have engulfed and hydrolysed a pathogen present some of a pathogens antigens on their own cell-surface membrane -body cells invaded by a virus present some of the viral antigens on their own cell-surface membrane - cancer cells present antigens on their cell-surface membrane - transplanted cells from individuals of the same species have different antigens on their cell surface membrane
Describe the process of cell-mediated immunity	Pathogens invade body cells or are taken in by phagocytes Phagocytes present antigens from the pathogen on its cell-surface membrane Receptors on a t-helper cell fit exactly into these antigens This attachment activates the T cell to divide rapidly by mitosis and form genetically identical cells The cloned T cells - develop into memory cells that allow a rapid response upon infection by the pathogen again - stimulate phagocytes to engulf pathogens by phagocytosis - stimulate b cells to divide and secrete their antibody - activate cytotoxic t-cells
How to cytoxic t-cells kill infected cells?	Produced a protein called perforin that makes holes in the cell-surface membrane These holes mean that the cell-surface membrane becomes freely permeable to all substances and the cells die as a result