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Back to FlashcardsBiology / Biology - Chapter 8.1 - Outline of the Nervous System Part 1

Biology - Chapter 8.1 - Outline of the Nervous System Part 1

Biology14 CardsCreated 10 months ago

A flashcard deck covering the main divisions and organs of the nervous system, parts of a neuron, types of neurons, differences between gray and white matter, and the autonomic nervous system.

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What are the main divisions of the nervous system?

Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.

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Key Terms

Term
Definition

What are the main divisions of the nervous system?

Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.

What organs belong to the central nervous system?

Brain and spinal cord.

What organs belong to the peripheral nervous system?

The nerves that branch from the brain and spinal cord (cranial nerves and spinal nerves).

Identify the main parts of a neuron.

Cell body, dendrites and axon.

What is the function of the cell body?

Contains the cell's nucleus and most of the cytoplasm.

What is the function of the dendrites?

Receives the nerve impulses from other neurons and conducts them toward the cell body.

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Biology - Chapter 8.1 - Outline of the Nervous System Part 1
TermDefinition

What are the main divisions of the nervous system?

Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.

What organs belong to the central nervous system?

Brain and spinal cord.

What organs belong to the peripheral nervous system?

The nerves that branch from the brain and spinal cord (cranial nerves and spinal nerves).

Identify the main parts of a neuron.

Cell body, dendrites and axon.

What is the function of the cell body?

Contains the cell's nucleus and most of the cytoplasm.

What is the function of the dendrites?

Receives the nerve impulses from other neurons and conducts them toward the cell body.

What is the function of the axon?

Relays nerve impulses from the cell body to other neurons.

What is the difference between gray matter and white matter?

Gray matter consists largely of the cell bodies of neurons and is gray because these bodies lack myelin.

White matter is composed of axons and glial cells that are white because of their myelin content.

What are the three broad categories of neurons?

Sensory neurons
Motor neurons
Interneurons

What viral disease affects the nerve cells of the spinal cord?

Poliomyelitis

Explain how the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system work together to regulate body activities.

Answers may include some of the following ideas:
1. The two systems are complementary. Generally, the sympathetic division stimulates organs when you are active, in danger, or under stress, while the parasympathetic division stimulates organs while you rest.
2. The sympathetic division causes heartbeat and breathing rates to increase and inhibits the activity of the digestive system. The parasympathetic division shows the heartbeat and breathing rates and increases the activity of the digestive system.

Brain

Principal organ of the nervous system.

Spinal cord

A thick bundle of nerve fibers located within the spinal cavity.

Spinal nerves

31 pairs of nerves, which branch from the spinal cord and extend out of the spinal cavity between the vertebrae. They transmit nerve signals to and from the rest of the body.