Back to FlashcardsBiology / Biology IB HL - 11.2 Movement Part 2
What are the 3 bones in the elbow joint?
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
What are the 3 bones in the elbow joint?
humerus; radius; ulna
What is the function of the humerus?
anchors muscle (muscle origin)
What is the role of the radius?
acts as a forearm lever for biceps
What is the role of the ulna?
acts as a forearm lever for triceps
What are the 2 muscles involved in the elbow joint?
biceps | triceps
What is the role of the biceps?
bends the forearm (flexion)
Related Flashcard Decks
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What are the 3 bones in the elbow joint? | humerus; radius; ulna |
What is the function of the humerus? | anchors muscle (muscle origin) |
What is the role of the radius? | acts as a forearm lever for biceps |
What is the role of the ulna? | acts as a forearm lever for triceps |
What are the 2 muscles involved in the elbow joint? | biceps | triceps |
What is the role of the biceps? | bends the forearm (flexion) |
What is the role of triceps? | straightens the forearm (extension) |
How do muscles provide movement? (breif) | muscles connect to bones (via tendons) and contract to provide the force required to produce movement |
Where do muscles connect to? 2 points? | The muscle connects a static bone (point of origin) to a moving bone (point of insertion) |
What do skeletal muscles exist in? | Skeletal muscles exist in antagonistic pairs (when one contracts, the other relaxes) to enable opposing movements |
What are examples of movements by antagonistic pairs? | Opposing movements may include: flexion vs extension, abduction vs adduction, protraction vs retraction, etc. |
What types of specialised muscles do insects have? Give an example. | Many types of insects (including grasshoppers and praying mantises) have hind legs that are specialised for jumping |
How is the hind leg of an insect divided? | The jointed exoskeleton of the hind leg is divided into three parts: femur (upper leg), tibia (middle leg) and tarsus (lower leg) |
How are the femur and tibia connected in an insect? | The femur and tibia are connected by two antagonistic muscles: flexor tibiae muscle and extensor tibiae muscle |
How do the tibia and femur interact in an insect hind leg? | When the flexor muscle contracts, the extensor muscle relaxes and the tibia and femur are brought closer together |
What does the relaxation of the extensor muscles and the contraction of the flexor muscle cause in insects? | This retracts the hind quarters in preparation for pushing off the ground |
How does an insect prepare to jump | When the extensor muscle contracts, the flexor muscle relaxes and the tibia is pushed away from the femur
This extends the hindquarters and causes the insect to jump |
What do skeletal muscles consist of? | Skeletal muscles consist of tightly packaged muscular bundles (fascicles) surrounded by connective tissue (perimysium) |
What does each muscular bundle contain? | Each bundle contains multiple muscle fibres, which are formed when individual muscle cells fuse together |
What do muscle fibres contain? | Muscle fibres contain tubular myofibrils that run the length of the fibre and are responsible for muscular contraction |