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Biology /GCSE Biology: Infection and Response

GCSE Biology: Infection and Response

Biology10 CardsCreated 3 months ago

This deck covers key concepts from the GCSE Biology topic on Infection and Response, including types of pathogens, disease prevention, human defense systems, and the role of antibiotics and vaccinations.

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What are pathogens?

Pathogens are microorganisms that cause infectious disease, including viruses, bacteria, protists, and fungi.

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Key Terms

Term

Definition

What are pathogens?

Pathogens are microorganisms that cause infectious disease, including viruses, bacteria, protists, and fungi.

How do viruses cause illness?

Viruses invade cells, use the cell's biochemistry to replicate, and cause the cell to burst, releasing new viruses and causing illness.

What is the role of white blood cells in the immune system?

White blood cells destroy pathogens through phagocytosis, produce antibodies, and release antitoxins to neutralize toxins.

How is measles spread and prevented?

Measles is spread by droplet infection and is prevented through vaccination.

What are the symptoms and prevention methods for malaria?

Symptoms include fever and shaking. Prevention includes using insecticide-treated nets, removing stagnant water, and taking antimalarial drugs.

What is herd immunity?

Herd immunity occurs when a large proportion of a population is vaccinated, reducing the spread of a pathogen.

Why can't antibiotics treat viral infections?

Antibiotics target bacterial pathogens and cannot kill viruses, which reproduce inside body cells.

What are monoclonal antibodies and their uses?

Monoclonal antibodies are identical antibodies used to target specific proteins, useful in pregnancy tests and disease treatment.

How do plants defend against pathogens?

Plants use physical barriers like waxy cuticles, chemical defenses like antibacterial compounds, and mechanical defenses like thorns.

What causes antibiotic resistance?

Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria mutate and survive exposure to antibiotics, leading to resistant strains.

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GCSE Biology: Infection and Response

Term	Definition
What are pathogens?	Pathogens are microorganisms that cause infectious disease, including viruses, bacteria, protists, and fungi.
How do viruses cause illness?	Viruses invade cells, use the cell's biochemistry to replicate, and cause the cell to burst, releasing new viruses and causing illness.
What is the role of white blood cells in the immune system?	White blood cells destroy pathogens through phagocytosis, produce antibodies, and release antitoxins to neutralize toxins.
How is measles spread and prevented?	Measles is spread by droplet infection and is prevented through vaccination.
What are the symptoms and prevention methods for malaria?	Symptoms include fever and shaking. Prevention includes using insecticide-treated nets, removing stagnant water, and taking antimalarial drugs.
What is herd immunity?	Herd immunity occurs when a large proportion of a population is vaccinated, reducing the spread of a pathogen.
Why can't antibiotics treat viral infections?	Antibiotics target bacterial pathogens and cannot kill viruses, which reproduce inside body cells.
What are monoclonal antibodies and their uses?	Monoclonal antibodies are identical antibodies used to target specific proteins, useful in pregnancy tests and disease treatment.
How do plants defend against pathogens?	Plants use physical barriers like waxy cuticles, chemical defenses like antibacterial compounds, and mechanical defenses like thorns.
What causes antibiotic resistance?	Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria mutate and survive exposure to antibiotics, leading to resistant strains.