Test Bank for Introduction to Biotechnology, 4th Edition

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1Introduction to Biotechnology, 4e(Thieman)Chapter 1The Biotechnology Century and Its Workforce1) Scientists at the biotechnology company Genentech created the first recombinant DNAproduct for use in humans. Approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 1982, this productwas ________.A) a gene chipB) chymosinC) insulinD) human growth hormoneE) erythropoietinAnswer: CSection: 1.1 What Is Biotechnology and What Does It Mean to You?Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding2) Which area of biotechnology primarily involves using living organisms to process, degrade,and clean up environmental pollution?A) GenomicsB) BioinformaticsC) BioremediationD) Marine biotechnologyE) Agricultural biotechnologyAnswer: CSection: 1.2 Types of BiotechnologyBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding3) The use of computer science to analyze biological data, such as DNA sequence comparisondata, is known as ________.A) genomicsB) bioinformaticsC) bioremediationD) nanotechnologyE) recombinant DNA technologyAnswer: BSection: 1.4 The Biotechnology WorkforceBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding4) Studying the entire complement of DNA in an organism's cells is known as ________.A) genomicsB) bioinformaticsC) bioremediationD) nanotechnologyE) recombinant DNA technologyAnswer: ASection: 1.1 What Is Biotechnology and What Does It Mean to You?Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

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25) Combining DNA from different sources is an example of ________.A) genomicsB) bioinformaticsC) bioremediationD) nanotechnologyE) recombinant DNA technologyAnswer: ESection: 1.2 Types of BiotechnologyBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding6) ________ is customized medicine based on a person's genetics.A) GenomicsB) BioinformaticsC) BioremediationD) PharmacogenomicsE) Recombinant DNA technologyAnswer: DSection: 1.3 What Will the New Biotechnology Century Look Like? An Example from MedicalBiotechnologyBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding7) ________ involves farm-raising finfish, shellfish, algae, and other aquatic organisms.A) BiopharmingB) AquacultureC) PharmacogenomicsD) BioremediationE) Transgenic technologyAnswer: BSection: 1.2 Types of BiotechnologyBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding8) ________ is the use of normal genes or the replacement of diseased genes for treating humangenetic disorders.A) GeneticsB) GenomicsC) PharmacogenomicsD) Gene therapyE) Recombinant DNA technologyAnswer: DSection: 1.1What Is Biotechnology and What Does It Mean to You?Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

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39) Selective breeding involves ________.A) genetic engineering of animals and plants to improve growth characteristicsB) mating organisms with desirable characteristicsC) the use of fermentation to produce biotechnology productsD) combining sperm and egg cells from different species to produce hybrid organismsE) none of these choicesAnswer: BSection: 1.1 What Is Biotechnology and What Does It Meanto You?Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding10) ________ is the use of living organisms or their products to clean up the environment,improve human health, and provide more nutritious and disease-free food.A) BioremediationB) BiotechnologyC) Genetic engineeringD) BiodegradationE) BioprocessingAnswer: BSection: 1.1 What Is Biotechnology and What Does It Mean to You?Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding11) Subtle differences in DNA sequences that vary from person to personare called ________.A) genomicsB) chromosomesC) DNA microarraysD) pharmacogenomicsE) single-nucleotide polymorphismsAnswer: ESection: 1.3 What Will the New Biotechnology Century Look Like? An Example from MedicalBiotechnologyBloom's Taxonomy:Remembering/Understanding12) Explain at least two differences between a traditional pharmaceutical product and abiotechnology product.Answer: A traditional pharmaceutical product is typically a small molecule synthesized bychemists and made into apill form, which can be orally administered to a patient.A biotechnology product is usually a large molecule that cannot be synthesized or taken orally. Itmust be produced in a cell line, purified from the cell line, and ultimately formulated to beadministered to a patient by injection.Section: 1.1 What Is Biotechnology and What Does It Mean to You?Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

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413) Discuss some examples of different fields of biotechnology and what they study (e.g.,bioremediation, which isused to assist in the clean-up of chemical spills, etc.).Answer: Answers can vary.Some answers include:•Microbial biotechnology, which is used to detect microbes for diagnostic purposes inhumans, food samples, and other sources.•Animal biotechnology, which helps produce antibodies in the milk of the animal withoutdoing harm to the animal.•Forensic biotechnology, which is useful in solving crimes and testing paternity.•Medical biotechnology, which involves producing products to diagnose, treat,or cure adisease.Section: 1.2 Types of BiotechnologyBloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing14) What are some nonscience job opportunities in a biotechnology company? Why would it stillbe useful to have some science background for these positions?Answer: Some nonscience biotechnology jobs include working in regulatory affairs, marketing,sales, and the legal department of the company. Because the company products are ultimatelybiological in nature, employees will better understand how to do their jobs if they know thescience as well. For example, if a sales representative does not understand any of the sciencebehind the product they are selling, they cannot easily answer any questions the prescribingphysician might ask them.Section: 1.4 The Biotechnology WorkforceBloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing15) What are some of the advantages of a biosimilar drug versus a patented pharmaceuticalproduct? What are the disadvantages?Answer: Advantages:Biosimilars can cut costs because they are often approved for use without having to undergo thesame expensive safety and effects studies required for pharmaceutical product.Disadvantages:Biosimilars can still be more expensive to produce because biosimilars can be difficult toreplicate exactly.Section: 1.4 The Biotechnology WorkforceBloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing16) ________ is an approach to genome editing that makes it possible to correct genetic diseasesand create novel genetic modification of genomes.A) Synthetic genomesB) Gene cloningC) Gene therapyD) CRISPR-CasE) High-throughput screeningAnswer: DSection: 1.1 What Is Biotechnology and What Does It Mean to You?Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

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517) As of 2016, which of the following was the top selling biotechnology drug?A) HerceptinB) RituxanC) HumiraD) EnbrelE) AvastinAnswer: CSection: 1.1 What Is Biotechnology and What Does It Mean to You?Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding18) Which of the following is the application of biotechnology to industrial processes?A) Microbial biotechnologyB) Animal biotechnologyC) Forensic biotechnologyD) Medical biotechnologyE) Industrial biotechnologyAnswer: CSection: 1.3 What Will the New Biotechnology Century Look Like? An Example from MedicalBiotechnologyBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding19) How can a physician use precision medicine to design a drug treatment strategy?A) Based on the genes involved in the disease, design a drug treatment strategy that is non-specific and applicable to asmall population.B) Based on the genes involved in the disease, design a drug treatment strategy that is non-specific and somewhat effective.C) Based on the genes involved in the disease, design a drug treatment strategy that is specificand somewhat effective.D) Based on the genes involved in the disease, design a drug treatment strategy that is specificand most effective.E) Based on the genes involved in the disease, design a drug treatment strategy that is specificand not based on the patient's genetic profile.Answer: DSection: 1.3 What Will the New Biotechnology Century Look Like? An Example from MedicalBiotechnologyBloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing20) What three locations account for approximately 95% of biotechnology countries?A) Europe, Japan, and South AmericaB) Europe, Japan, and North AmericaC) Europe, China, and CanadaD) Canada, Japan, and South AmericaE) China, Europe, and North AmericaAnswer: BSection: 1.4 The Biotechnology WorkforceBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

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1Introduction to Biotechnology, 4e(Thieman)Chapter 1The Biotechnology Century and Its Workforce1) Scientists at the biotechnology company Genentech created the first recombinant DNAproduct for use in humans. Approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 1982, this productwas ________.A) a gene chipB) chymosinC) insulinD) human growth hormoneE) erythropoietinAnswer: CSection: 1.1 What Is Biotechnology and What Does It Mean to You?Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding2) Which area of biotechnology primarily involves using living organisms to process, degrade,and clean up environmental pollution?A) GenomicsB) BioinformaticsC) BioremediationD) Marine biotechnologyE) Agricultural biotechnologyAnswer: CSection: 1.2 Types of BiotechnologyBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding3) The use of computer science to analyze biological data, such as DNA sequence comparisondata, is known as ________.A) genomicsB) bioinformaticsC) bioremediationD) nanotechnologyE) recombinant DNA technologyAnswer: BSection: 1.4 The Biotechnology WorkforceBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding4) Studying the entire complement of DNA in an organism's cells is known as ________.A) genomicsB) bioinformaticsC) bioremediationD) nanotechnologyE) recombinant DNA technologyAnswer: ASection: 1.1 What Is Biotechnology and What Does It Mean to You?Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

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25) Combining DNA from different sources is an example of ________.A) genomicsB) bioinformaticsC) bioremediationD) nanotechnologyE) recombinant DNA technologyAnswer: ESection: 1.2 Types of BiotechnologyBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding6) ________ is customized medicine based on a person's genetics.A) GenomicsB) BioinformaticsC) BioremediationD) PharmacogenomicsE) Recombinant DNA technologyAnswer: DSection: 1.3 What Will the New Biotechnology Century Look Like? An Example from MedicalBiotechnologyBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding7) ________ involves farm-raising finfish, shellfish, algae, and other aquatic organisms.A) BiopharmingB) AquacultureC) PharmacogenomicsD) BioremediationE) Transgenic technologyAnswer: BSection: 1.2 Types of BiotechnologyBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding8) ________ is the use of normal genes or the replacement of diseased genes for treating humangenetic disorders.A) GeneticsB) GenomicsC) PharmacogenomicsD) Gene therapyE) Recombinant DNA technologyAnswer: DSection: 1.1What Is Biotechnology and What Does It Mean to You?Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

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39) Selective breeding involves ________.A) genetic engineering of animals and plants to improve growth characteristicsB) mating organisms with desirable characteristicsC) the use of fermentation to produce biotechnology productsD) combining sperm and egg cells from different species to produce hybrid organismsE) none of these choicesAnswer: BSection: 1.1 What Is Biotechnology and What Does It Meanto You?Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding10) ________ is the use of living organisms or their products to clean up the environment,improve human health, and provide more nutritious and disease-free food.A) BioremediationB) BiotechnologyC) Genetic engineeringD) BiodegradationE) BioprocessingAnswer: BSection: 1.1 What Is Biotechnology and What Does It Mean to You?Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding11) Subtle differences in DNA sequences that vary from person to personare called ________.A) genomicsB) chromosomesC) DNA microarraysD) pharmacogenomicsE) single-nucleotide polymorphismsAnswer: ESection: 1.3 What Will the New Biotechnology Century Look Like? An Example from MedicalBiotechnologyBloom's Taxonomy:Remembering/Understanding12) Explain at least two differences between a traditional pharmaceutical product and abiotechnology product.Answer: A traditional pharmaceutical product is typically a small molecule synthesized bychemists and made into apill form, which can be orally administered to a patient.A biotechnology product is usually a large molecule that cannot be synthesized or taken orally. Itmust be produced in a cell line, purified from the cell line, and ultimately formulated to beadministered to a patient by injection.Section: 1.1 What Is Biotechnology and What Does It Mean to You?Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

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413) Discuss some examples of different fields of biotechnology and what they study (e.g.,bioremediation, which isused to assist in the clean-up of chemical spills, etc.).Answer: Answers can vary.Some answers include:•Microbial biotechnology, which is used to detect microbes for diagnostic purposes inhumans, food samples, and other sources.•Animal biotechnology, which helps produce antibodies in the milk of the animal withoutdoing harm to the animal.•Forensic biotechnology, which is useful in solving crimes and testing paternity.•Medical biotechnology, which involves producing products to diagnose, treat,or cure adisease.Section: 1.2 Types of BiotechnologyBloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing14) What are some nonscience job opportunities in a biotechnology company? Why would it stillbe useful to have some science background for these positions?Answer: Some nonscience biotechnology jobs include working in regulatory affairs, marketing,sales, and the legal department of the company. Because the company products are ultimatelybiological in nature, employees will better understand how to do their jobs if they know thescience as well. For example, if a sales representative does not understand any of the sciencebehind the product they are selling, they cannot easily answer any questions the prescribingphysician might ask them.Section: 1.4 The Biotechnology WorkforceBloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing15) What are some of the advantages of a biosimilar drug versus a patented pharmaceuticalproduct? What are the disadvantages?Answer: Advantages:Biosimilars can cut costs because they are often approved for use without having to undergo thesame expensive safety and effects studies required for pharmaceutical product.Disadvantages:Biosimilars can still be more expensive to produce because biosimilars can be difficult toreplicate exactly.Section: 1.4 The Biotechnology WorkforceBloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing16) ________ is an approach to genome editing that makes it possible to correct genetic diseasesand create novel genetic modification of genomes.A) Synthetic genomesB) Gene cloningC) Gene therapyD) CRISPR-CasE) High-throughput screeningAnswer: DSection: 1.1 What Is Biotechnology and What Does It Mean to You?Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

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517) As of 2016, which of the following was the top selling biotechnology drug?A) HerceptinB) RituxanC) HumiraD) EnbrelE) AvastinAnswer: CSection: 1.1 What Is Biotechnology and What Does It Mean to You?Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding18) Which of the following is the application of biotechnology to industrial processes?A) Microbial biotechnologyB) Animal biotechnologyC) Forensic biotechnologyD) Medical biotechnologyE) Industrial biotechnologyAnswer: CSection: 1.3 What Will the New Biotechnology Century Look Like? An Example from MedicalBiotechnologyBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding19) How can a physician use precision medicine to design a drug treatment strategy?A) Based on the genes involved in the disease, design a drug treatment strategy that is non-specific and applicable to asmall population.B) Based on the genes involved in the disease, design a drug treatment strategy that is non-specific and somewhat effective.C) Based on the genes involved in the disease, design a drug treatment strategy that is specificand somewhat effective.D) Based on the genes involved in the disease, design a drug treatment strategy that is specificand most effective.E) Based on the genes involved in the disease, design a drug treatment strategy that is specificand not based on the patient's genetic profile.Answer: DSection: 1.3 What Will the New Biotechnology Century Look Like? An Example from MedicalBiotechnologyBloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing20) What three locations account for approximately 95% of biotechnology countries?A) Europe, Japan, and South AmericaB) Europe, Japan, and North AmericaC) Europe, China, and CanadaD) Canada, Japan, and South AmericaE) China, Europe, and North AmericaAnswer: BSection: 1.4 The Biotechnology WorkforceBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

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1Introduction to Biotechnology, 4e(Thieman)Chapter 2An Introduction to Genes and Genomes1) The complementary base that hydrogen bonds with thymine in a DNA double helix is________.A) uracilB) thymineC) guanineD) adenineE) cytosineAnswer:DSection: 2.2 The Molecule of LifeBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding2) Which of the following is a structural feature of DNA but not RNA?A) Single-strandedB) Containing the nitrogenous base adenineC) Containing phosphate groupsD) Containing deoxyribose sugarsE) Containing the nitrogenous base uracilAnswer: DSection: 2.2 The Molecule of LifeBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding3) Which type of base-pair substitution mutation has no effect on the amino acid sequence of aprotein?A) Missense mutationB) Nonsense mutationC) Silent mutationD) Frameshift mutationE) None of these choicesAnswer: CSection: 2.6 Mutations: Causes and ConsequencesBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding4) Which of the following is a characteristic of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) but notrough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?A) Protein synthesisB) Sending vesicles to the Golgi that contain proteins that are either secreted or become part ofthe plasma membraneC) SteroidsynthesisD) Drug and alcohol detoxificationE) Steroid synthesisanddrug and alcohol detoxificationAnswer: ESection: 2.2 The Molecule of LifeBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

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25) Which of the following enzymes is a component of the large ribosomal subunit and catalyzesthe formation of peptide bonds between an amino acid attached to a peptidyl-tRNA and an aminoacid from an aminoacyl-tRNA?A) Reverse transcriptaseB) DNA polymeraseC) Peptidyl transferaseD) DNA ligaseE) β-galactosidaseAnswer: CSection: 2.4 RNA and Protein SynthesisBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding6) Addition of a poly(A) tail to an mRNA molecule ________.A) allows the mRNA to be recognized by ribosomes during translationB) allows mRNA molecules to be more stable in the cytoplasmC) results in removal of intronsD) only occurs in bacteriaE) is an important step in translationAnswer: BSection: 2.4 RNA and Protein SynthesisBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding7) What enzyme separates strands of DNA during DNA replication to make DNA single-stranded so it can be copied?A) DNA primaseB) DNA polymeraseC) DNA helicaseD) DNA ligaseE) Reverse transcriptaseAnswer: CSection: 2.4 RNA and Protein SynthesisBloom's Taxonomy:Remembering/Understanding8) ________ bind to mRNA and tRNA during translation and allow for polypeptides to besynthesized.A) ChloroplastsB) RibosomesC) NucleiD) RNA polymerasesE) ChromosomesAnswer: BSection: 2.4 RNA and Protein SynthesisBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

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39) ________ is the enzyme that copies DNA during DNA replication. Thermostabile forms ofthis enzyme are essential for PCR.A) RNA polymeraseB) DNA ligaseC) DNA polymeraseD) RNA primaseE) DNA helicaseAnswer: CSection: 2.4 RNA and Protein SynthesisBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding10) Which of the following is the typical start codon in most mRNA molecules?A) UGAB) AUGC) AAAD) GAAE) CAGAnswer: BSection: 2.4 RNA and Protein SynthesisBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding11) Which type of point mutation creates a stop codon in a gene?A) NonsenseB) FrameshiftC) SilentD) MissenseE) None of these choicesAnswer: ASection: 2.6 Mutations: Causes and ConsequencesBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding12) Nonprotein coding pieces of pre-mRNA that are removed during RNA splicing are called________.A) intronsB) exonsC) SNPsD) promotersE) poly(A) tailsAnswer: ASection: 2.4 RNA and Protein SynthesisBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

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413) Which organelles form the site of ATP production by aerobic cellular respiration?A) LysosomesB) MitochondriaC) RibosomesD) GolgiE) Rough endoplasmic reticulumAnswer: BSection: 2.1 A Reviewof Cell StructureBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding14) Which type of RNA molecules transport amino acids to the ribosome during translation?A) rRNAB) tRNAC) siRNAD) mRNAE) miRNAAnswer: BSection: 2.4 RNA and Protein SynthesisBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding15) Which type of RNA molecule contains the genetic code of a gene that is read by ribosomesduring translation?A) rRNAB) tRNAC) siRNAD) mRNAE) miRNAAnswer: DSection: 2.4 RNA and Protein SynthesisBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding16) In a nucleotide of DNA, which carbon of the deoxyribose sugar binds to the base?A) 1'B) 2'C) 3'D) 4'E) 5'Answer: ASection: 2.2 The Molecule of LifeBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

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517) Which of the following sequences is most commonly found at eukaryotic promoters?A) TATAAAAB) Poly(A) tailC) 7-methyl G capD) 5'-GU . . . AG-3'E) Shine-Dalgarno sequenceAnswer: ASection: 2.5 Regulation of Gene ExpressionBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding18) Which of the following is a commonly used stop codon in most mRNA molecules?A) UGAB) AUGC) AAAD) GAAE) CAGAnswer: ASection: 2.4 RNA and Protein SynthesisBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding19) What is synthesis of RNA from a DNA template called?A) TransformationB) Reverse transcriptionC) TranscriptionD) TranslationE) None of these choicesAnswer: CSection: 2.4 RNA and Protein SynthesisBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding20)Synthesis of a protein from an mRNA molecule is called ________.A) transcriptionB) translationC) transformationD) polymerizationE) polyadenylationAnswer: BSection: 2.4 RNA and Protein SynthesisBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

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