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Business Data Communications and Networking, 12th Edition Solution Manual

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Business Data Communications and Networking, 12th Edition Solution Manual - Page 1 preview imageCHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION TO DATA COMMUNICATIONSChapter SummaryThis chapter introduces the students to the concept of data communications in business. Itdescribes why it is important to study data communications and introduces you tothe threefundamental questions that this book answers. Next, it discusses the basic types and componentsof a data communication network. Also, it examines the importance of a network model based onlayers. Finally, it describes the three key trends in the future of networking.Learning ObjectivesAfter reading this chapter, students should:be aware of the three fundamental questions this book answersbe aware of the applications of data communicationsnetworksbefamiliar with the major components of and types of networksunderstand the role of network layersbe familiar with the role of network standardsbe aware of three key trends in communications and networking
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Business Data Communications and Networking, 12th Edition Solution Manual - Page 2 preview image
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Business Data Communications and Networking, 12th Edition Solution Manual - Page 3 preview imageBusiness Data Communications and Networking, 12e by Fitzgerald/DennisPage1Key TermsAmerican NationalStandards Institute(ANSI)application layerapplication serviceprovider (ASP)AT&Tbackbone network (BN)bpsbroadband communicationcableCA*netcircuitclientcommon carrierconvergencedata link layerextranetFederal CommunicationsCommission (FCC)file serverGbpshardware layerhubinformation utilityInstitute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers(IEEE)interexchange carrier(IXC)InternationalTelecommunicationsUnion—TelecommunicationsGroup (ITU-T)InternetInternet Engineering TaskForce (IETF)Internet modelInternet service provider(ISP)internetwork layerintranetKbpslayerslocal area network (LAN)local exchange carrier(LEC)Mbpsmetropolitan area network(MAN)monopolynet neutralitynetworknetwork layerOpen SystemsInterconnectionReference model (OSImodel)Pbpspeer-to-peer networkpervasive networkingphysical layerprint serverprotocolProtocol Data Unit (PDU)protocol stackregional Bell operatingcompany (RBOC)Request for Comment(RFC)routerserverstandardsTbpstransport layerVoice Over InternetProtocol (VOIP)Web serverwide area network (WAN)
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Business Data Communications and Networking, 12th Edition Solution Manual - Page 4 preview imageBusiness Data Communications and Networking, 12e by Fitzgerald/DennisPage2Chapter Outline1.INTRODUCTION2.DATA COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKSa.Components of a Networkb.Types of Networks3.NETWORK MODELSa.Open SystemsInterconnection Reference Modelb.Internet Modelc.Message Transmission Using Layers4.NETWORK STANDARDSa.The Importance of Standardsb.The Standards-Making Processc.Common Standards5.FUTURE TRENDSa.Wireless LANs and BYODb.The Web of Thingsc.Massively Online6.IMPLICATIONS FOR MANAGEMENT7.SUMMARY
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Business Data Communications and Networking, 12th Edition Solution Manual - Page 5 preview imageBusiness Data Communications and Networking, 12e by Fitzgerald/DennisPage3Answers to Textbook ExercisesAnswers to End-of-Chapter Questions1.How can data communication networks affect businesses?Data communication networks can affect businesses by being the foundations for distributedsystemsinwhichinformationsystemapplicationsaredividedamonganetworkofcomputers. Data communication networks facilitate more efficient use of computers andimprove the day-to-day control of a business by providing faster information flow, aidingstrategic competitive advantage.They also provide message transfer services to allowcomputer users to talk to one another via electronic mail.2.Discuss three important applications of data communication networks in business andpersonal use.Three important applications of data communication networks in business and personal useinclude email, videoconferencing, and the Internet.3.How do LANs differ from WANs, and BNs?A Local Area Network (LAN) is a group of microcomputers or terminals located in the samegeneral area. A Backbone Network (BN) is a large central network that connects mosteverything on a single company site. A Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) encompasses acity or county area.A Wide Area Network (WAN) spans cities, states, or nationalboundaries.Typically, MANs and WANs used leased facilities, while LANs and BNs areoften located internally in an organization and used owned facilities.
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Business Data Communications and Networking, 12th Edition Solution Manual - Page 6 preview imageBusiness Data Communications and Networking, 12e by Fitzgerald/DennisPage44.What is a circuit?The circuit is the pathway through which the messages travel. It can bemade up of a copperwire, although fiber optic cable and wireless transmission are becoming more common. Acircuit can also pass across many types of physical facilities such as copper wire or fiberoptic cable, but the single end-to-end connection, no matter what the equipment, is referredto as the circuit.There are many devices along the circuit’s path that perform specialfunctions such as hubs, switches, routers, and gateways.5.What is a client?The client is the input or output hardware device at the other end of a communication circuit.It typically provides remote users with access to the network and the data and software on theserver.6.What is a server?The server stores data or software that can be accessed by the clients, or remote users of ahardware input or output device.In client-server computing, several servers may worktogether over the network to support the business application.7.Why are network layers important?Communication networks are often broken into a series of layers, each of which can bedefined separately, to enable vendors to develop software and hardware that can worktogether in the overall network.These layers enable simplicity in development and also inthe comprehension of complex networks.In the end, the strategy of using more simplisticnetwork layers allows vastly different kinds of equipment to be able to have connectivityover a common platform or network, using protocols and standards that are applicable toeach narrow slice of the network.8.Describe the seven layers in the OSI network model and what they do.Theapplicationlayer is the application software used by the network user. Thepresentationlayer formats the data for presentation to the user by accommodating different interfaces ondifferent terminals or computers so the application program need not worry about them. Thesessionlayer is responsible for initiating, maintaining, and terminating each logical sessionbetween end users. Thetransportlayer deals with end-to-end issues, such as procedures forentering and departing from the network, by establishing, maintaining, and terminatinglogical connections for the transfer of data between the original sender and the finaldestination of the message. Thenetworklayer takes the message generated by the applicationlayer and if necessary, breaks it into several smaller messages. It then addresses themessage(s) and determines their route through the network, and records message accountinginformation before passing it to the data link layer. Thedata linklayer formats the messageto indicate where it starts and ends, decides when to transmit it over the physical media, anddetects and corrects any errors that occur in transmission. Thephysicallayer is the physical
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Business Data Communications and Networking, 12th Edition Solution Manual - Page 7 preview imageBusiness Data Communications and Networking, 12e by Fitzgerald/DennisPage5connection between the sender and receiver, including the hardware devices (e.g., computers,terminals, and modems) and physical media (e.g., cables, and satellites).9.Describe the five layers in the Internet network model and what they do.Theapplicationlayer is the application software used by the network user. Thetransportlayer deals with end-to-end issues, such as procedures for entering and departing from thenetwork, by establishing, maintaining, and terminating logical connections for the transfer ofdata between the original sender and the final destination of the message. Thenetworklayertakes the message generated by the application layer and if necessary, breaks it into severalsmaller messages. It then addresses the message(s) and determines their route through thenetwork, and records message accounting information before passing it to the data link layer.Thedata linklayer formats the message to indicate where it starts and ends, decides when totransmit it over the physical media, and detects and corrects any errors that occur intransmission. Thephysicallayer is the physical connection between the sender and receiver,including the hardware devices (e.g., computers, terminals, and modems) and physical media(e.g., cables, and satellites).10.Explain how a message is transmitted from one computer to another using layers.Theapplicationlayer is the application software used by the network user. Thetransportlayer is responsible for obtaining the address of the end user (if needed), breaking a largedata transmission into smaller packets (if needed), ensuring that all the packets have beenreceived, eliminating duplicate packets, and performing flow control to ensure that nocomputer is overwhelmed by the number of messages it receives. Thenetworklayer takes themessage generated by the application layer and if necessary, breaks it into several smallermessages. It then addresses the message(s) and determines their route through the network,and records message accounting information before passing it to the data link layer. Thedatalinklayer formats the message to indicate where it starts and ends, decides when to transmitit over the physical media, and detects and corrects any errors that occur in transmission. Thephysicallayer is the physical connection between the sender and receiver, including thehardware devices (e.g., computers, terminals, and modems) and physical media (e.g., cables,and satellites).11.Describe the three stages of standardization.The formal standardization process has three stages: specification, identification of choices,andacceptance.Thespecificationstageconsistsofdevelopinganomenclatureandidentifying the problems to be addressed. In the identification of choices stage, those workingon the standard identify the various solutions and choose the optimum solution from amongthe alternatives. Acceptance, which is the most difficult stage, consists of defining thesolution and getting recognized industry leaders to agree on a single, uniform solution.ISO standards development is pursued at the national and international levels. Authorizednational technical committees can be designated as Technical Advisory Groups (TAGs) tointernational subcommittees or workgroups.
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Business Data Communications and Networking, 12th Edition Solution Manual - Page 8 preview imageBusiness Data Communications and Networking, 12e by Fitzgerald/DennisPage6Examples of national-level standards bodies (with the legal authority for national standardsdevelopment and articulation with ISO) are:StandardsDesignationName of National Standards Body(ISO Member)Web SiteNationANSIAmerican National Standards Institutewww.ansi.orgUSASCCStandards Council of Canadawww.scc.caCanadaDGNDirección General de Normaswww.economia.gob.mx/normasMexicoBSIBritish Standards Institutionwww.bsi-global.comUKJISCJapanese Industrial StandardsCommitteewww.jisc.orgJapanAFNORAssociation française de normalisationwww.afnor.frFranceBISBureau of Indian Standardswww.bis.org.inIndiaCSBTSChina State Bureau of Quality andTechnical Supervisionwww.csbts.cn.netChinaGOST RState Committee ofthe RussianFederation for Standardization andMetrologywww.gost.ruRussianFederationSNVSwiss Association for Standardization(Schweizerische Normen-Vereinigung)www.snv.chSwitzerlandDINDeutsches Institut für Normungwww.din.deGermany12.Howare Internet standards developed?The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF; www.ietf.org) sets the standards that governhow much of the Internet will operate. Developing a standard usually takes 1-2 years.Usually, a standard begins as a protocol developed by a vendor. When a protocol is proposedfor standardization, IETF forms a working group of technical experts to study it. Theworking group examines the protocol to identify potential problems and possible extensionsand improvements, and then issues a report to IETF. If the report is favorable, the IETFissues a Request for Comment (RFC) that describes the proposed standard and solicitscomments from the entire world. Once no additional changes have been identified, itbecomes a Proposed Standard. Once at least two vendors have developed software based onit, and it has proven successful in operation, the Proposed Standard is changed to a DraftStandard. This is usually the final specification, although some protocols have been elevatedto Internet Standards, which usually signifies a mature standard not likely to change. There isa correlation of IETF RFCs to ISO standards.13.Describe two important data communications standards-making bodies. How do they differ?The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) makes technical recommendationsaboutdatacommunicationinterfaces.TheTelecommunicationsgroup(ITU-T)isthe
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Business Data Communications and Networking, 12th Edition Solution Manual - Page 9 preview imageBusiness Data Communications and Networking, 12e by Fitzgerald/DennisPage7technicalstandards-settingorganizationoftheUnitedNationsInternationalTelecommunications Union (ITU). Postal Telephone and Telegraphs (PTTs) are telephonecompanies outside of the United States.ITU-T establishes recommendations for use byPTTs, other common carriers, and hardware and software vendors.Although a complicatedseries of acronyms, it is useful to point out that the ISO created the OSI model!Information technology standards contribute to data communications. In the USA, theNational Committee for Information Technology Standards (NCITS) has responsibility(under ANSI) for multimedia (MPEG/JPEG), intercommunication among computing devicesandinformationsystems(includingtheInformationInfrastructure,SCSI-2interfaces,GeographicInformationSystems),storagemedia(harddrives,removablecartridges),database (including SQL3), security, and programming languages (such as C++). The NCITST3 committee on Open Distributed Processing (ODP) is the US Technical Advisory Group(TAG) to JTC 1/SC 6/WG 7 (Subcommittee 6, Workgroup 7). JTC 1 is the ISO/IEC JointTechnical Committee 1 on Information Technology.Among NCITS/T3's current projectsare: Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1), the OSI Directory Services (and protocols),routing information exchange protocols, multicasting (all of considerable interest to thetelecommunications industry.) T3 has US TAG responsibility for codes and character sets.IEEE plays an important standards role for data communications, particularly in LANtechnology protocols.Note that the HTML specifications state that HTML uses the ISO 8859-1 (Latin 1) characterset.14.What is the purpose of a data communicationsstandard?The use of standards makes it much easier to develop software and hardware that linkdifferent networks because software and hardware can be developed one layer at a time. Thesoftware or hardware defined by the standard at one network layer can be easily updated, aslong as the interface between that layer and the ones around it remains unchanged.15.Whatare threeof the largest inter-exchange carriers (IXCs) in North America?Two of the largest inter-exchange carriers (IXCs) in North America are AT&T and Sprint,and the formerly large MCI was acquired in a post bankruptcy merger with Verizon.16.Discuss three trends in communications and networking.First, pervasive networking will change how and where we work and with whom we dobusiness.Pervasivenetworkingmeansthatwe willhave highspeedcommunicationsnetworks everywhere, and that virtually any device will be able to communicate with anyother device in the world. Prices for these networks will drop and the globalization of worldeconomies will continue to accelerate. Second, the integration of voice, video, and data ontothe same networks will greatly simplify networks and enable anyone to access any media atany point. Third, the rise in these pervasive, integrated networks will mean a significant
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Business Data Communications and Networking, 12th Edition Solution Manual - Page 10 preview imageBusiness Data Communications and Networking, 12e by Fitzgerald/DennisPage8increase the availability of information and new information services.It is likely thatapplication service providers will evolve that act as information utilities.17.Why has the Internet model replaced the OSI model?The Internet model is simpler (effectively collapsing the top three layers of the OSI modelinto a single model) and easier to remember and understand. Further, the ISO OSI ReferenceModel is the result of a formal standardization process and is technical in its presentation.By contrast, the Internet model is appropriate for those within the networking communitywith practical needs related to implementing the Internet and networking.However, only a few years ago the Internet model was commonly understood to have onlyfour layers.Today, the transport layer is now separately identified in the Internet model,yielding an important, fifth layer for comprehension.This evolution in presentation mayshow that at least one technical distinction from the OSI model is now considered practical asthe scope, volume of traffic, and complexity of networking (and of the Internet) grows.18.In the 1980s,when we wrote the first edition of this book, there were many, many moreprotocols in common use at the data link, network, and transport layers than there are today.Why do you think the number of commonly used protocols at these layers has declined? Doyou think this trend will continue? What are the implications for those who design andoperate networks?Today there is convergence around the non-proprietary use of TCP/IP as the protocol ofchoice for all networks.For the most part, network software is designed to interface withnetworks using this protocol. By non-proprietary, this means that TCP/IP is an interoperableprotocol portable to any manufacturer's hardware.All manufacturers are developing theirproducts to use TCP/IP as their protocol of choice.This is of great benefit for thoseoperating networks because they do not have to deal with the incompatibilities of variousproprietary networks.In the past, network equipment such as IBM’s SNA and Novell’sNetware products had retained proprietary protocols that did not interface with as much easeas today’s more compatible and TCP/IP based products.The decline of the number ofcompeting protocols is related to the emergence of TCP/IP as the universal connector, alongwith the rise in competition and subsequently better price availability from those vendorswho market to this protocol, thus ensuring the viability of this standard for a long time tocome for network managers.19.The number of standardized protocols in use at the application layer has significantlyincreased from the 1980s to today.Why?Do you think this trend will continue? What arethe implications for those who design and operate networks?The biggest reason that there are more standardized protocols at the application layer isrelated to the predominant use of the Web and its standardized graphic interface (HTTP,DHCP, for example). In a way, many new protocols ride on top of TCP/IP networks, andsome ofthese new protocols have been developedtoenable the retrofittingofnewtechnologies on top of an older networking architecture. On the other hand some proprietary
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Business Data Communications and Networking, 12th Edition Solution Manual - Page 11 preview imageBusiness Data Communications and Networking, 12e by Fitzgerald/DennisPage9protocols connectedwith such models as IBM's SNAand DECNethave declinedinsignificance while the importance of Internet-related protocols has grown,20.Howmanybits(notbytes)arethereina10page textdocument?Hint: There areapproximately 350 words on a double-spaced page.First, some assumptions must be made. Assume each word averages seven letters and there isone space between each word. Next assume we are using 8-bit ASCII.Multiply 350 words by 8 bytes (7 letters plus a space) to get 2,800 bytes per page.Multiply 2,800 by 10 pages to get 28,000Multiply 28,000 bytes by 8 bits per byte to get 224,000 bits
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Business Data Communications and Networking, 12th Edition Solution Manual - Page 12 preview imageBusiness Data Communications and Networking, 12e by Fitzgerald/DennisPage10Mini-CasesI. Global ConsultantsWhat advice would you give Mr. Adams? (...given two de facto standards for financial software,neither of which is completely satisfactory as neither one supports both required financialanalysis tasks adequately.)One solution would be to choose asoftware source adhering to the de facto standards of eitherGroup A or Group B and attempt to negotiate the development of a new and satisfactory versionof the financial analysis task deemed inadequate. This likely would not work because no firmcould be found that would agree to develop a new version of its software or because GlobalConsultants would be expected to bear high development costs to meet its specific need. Mostsoftware companies would be unwilling to interrupt or significantly modify a softwaredevelopment schedule for the sake of a single client. .Thus, if no software source can be found that will undertake the needed development forreasonable cost, the practical solution may be for Global Consultants to undertake a ground updevelopment project of new software that will meet all needs. This could be done internally orby hiring a consultant firm (outsourcing). This approach could be evaluated in light of thefirm’s strategic plan, and, if the new software is highly successful for GC, it might become amarketable product for the firm.II.Atlas AdvertisingWhat types of standard protocols and technologies do you think they are using at each layer?Students should refer to Figure 1.5 to address the issues raised with thismini-case.III.Consolidated SuppliesShould Consolidated Supplies replace all the networking equipment in all the warehouses now,should it wait until newer networking technologies are available, or should it upgrade some ofthe warehouses this year, some next year, and some the year after, so that some warehouses willbenefit from the expected future improvements in networking technologies?Students should consider the history of information systems when thinking about this issue.Rapid changes in technology will continue to make the decision about when to implement newtechnologies a difficult one for businesses. The solution must be one that fits well with the natureof the organization itself and its corporate, long term goals. If Consolidated Supplies is in anaggressive acquisition mode and involved in a rapidly changing, high tech industry, perhaps amore aggressive upgrade of the network would be appropriate. If Consolidated Supplies is in amarket niche that does not face deep market changes and offshore competition for its continuedsuccess, and is less concerned about the role of technology in their immediate strategy, then the
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Business Data Communications and Networking, 12th Edition Solution Manual - Page 13 preview imageBusiness Data Communications and Networking, 12e by Fitzgerald/DennisPage11firm may have the luxury of waiting out a round of technological change in the interest ofallowing the future improvements to reach the marketplace.IV.Asia ImportersWhat are the potential benefits and challenges that Asia Importers should consider in making thedecision about whether or not to move to one integrated service?An integrated service will enable Ms. Wong to consolidate her bills and technical support with asingle company. This single source of contact would be of benefit to Asia Importers bystreamlining services and technological sourcing. However, a potential disadvantage of thesingle source approach is that the sole vendor would then manage more of Asia Importers’technical infrastructure, leaving the firm with some vulnerability due to single sourcing. If thevendor proves unreliable or inefficient, this will affect a greater portion of Asia Importers’business than if the vendor was only servicing one or another technology.Next Day Air Service Case Study1.Briefly describe the current state of Next Day Air Service's office automation, systemintegration, and networking. Begin byexplaining how each department uses informationtechnology, what hardware it uses, and what functions currently are automated. Also assesswhich department is most in need of a network.The level of automation varies significantly among the NDASdepartments and offices. Inaddition, NDAS is in the process of downsizing to achieve a more cost-effective computersupport system.For example, the Sales and Marketing Division has a desktop computer for each of theaccount representatives. All of these computers are connected to a small local area network(LAN) that serves only the Sales and Marketing Division. The Accounts Receivable Divisionrecently downsized its minicomputer to a powerful desktop computer with a faster processor,motor memory and increased disk storage space. This new desktop supports databases forboth customer billing and “bad dept” expenses. The Accounts Payable Division has an olderminicomputer and is in the process of downsizing to a modern powerful desktop computer. Ithas its own vendor database that includes invoices received by NDAS from other carriesstored on the older minicomputer.Fleet Maintenance prefers to process all its information manually; however, this area is beingconsidered for automation. None of the departmental computers is integrated.The Dispatch department needs a high speed data communication network the most, becauseit is the very essence of Next Day Air Services business. Without an efficient parcel trackingnetwork, there will be no NDAS!
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Business Data Communications and Networking, 12th Edition Solution Manual - Page 14 preview imageBusiness Data Communications and Networking, 12e by Fitzgerald/DennisPage122.With the “types of networks” and future technologies discussed in this chapter, what kind ofnetwork would appear to be the most beneficial to Next Day Air Service? Justify youranswer.Initially, an integrated, organization-wide, multiapplication network appears to suit the needsof NDAS the best. This type of network would run many kinds of applications that sharecommon databases and communication facilities. Assuming that Next Day Air Service willcontinue to expand its operations, any network that is developed or acquired should becapable of being upgraded to a multi-organizational network.Note to instructor: Some students may be confused between network technology (LANs,WANs, MANs, BNs) and network type. This is a good place to clear up any misconceptionson this point.3.What are the current characteristics or practices that identify NDAS as a possible candidatefor its proposed integrated data communication network?NDAS has a number of geographically remote facilities that currently are not connectedeither to one another or to the corporate headquarters. Note that figure A1-1 in the text showsthe routes Next Day Air Service covers; it is not a communication network. The publictelephone network currently provides the only way for direct communication among thesescattered locations.In addition, a high volume of interbranch mail currently is being sent from the remote officesto the corporate headquarters. Billing information and other correspondence are sent dailyfrom the remote offices to the corporate office. Timecards need to be sent twice monthly, andthis frequency would probably double if NDAS decides to adopt a weekly pay period. Also, amassive amount of paperwork appears to be required for the day-to-day operation of thecompany. Each facility must make photocopies of billing and timecard information beforesending it to corporate headquarters. This is done to safeguard the information in case it islost in transit.Moreover, if questions or problems arise pertaining to the delivery of a parcel (packagetracking), but the billing ticket information has yet been entered into the corporate database,then that ticket must be located manually. Locating these tickets manually is very timeconsuming, which is a factor that could keep NDAS from serving its customers quickly andmaintaining a competitive advantage in the overnight delivery market.4.Which two of the four networks (e.g., LAN) might be appropriate for NDAS?NDAS definitely needs a WAN because of its widespread operations as shown in the text. Italso needs LANs in the various offices and departments. These LANs would eventually beinterconnected to each other and with the WAN.Notetoinstructor:An alternateanswercouldbea single largeLAN forthe entireheadquarters, interconnected via a WAN to the field offices.
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Business Data Communications and Networking, 12th Edition Solution Manual - Page 15 preview imageBusiness Data Communications and Networking, 12e by Fitzgerald/DennisPage135.When looking over the organization chart, you notice that the acting manager of theInformationServices/DataProcessingdepartmentisalsonamedCoone(LesCoone).Inquiring, you learn that Les is President Coone's nephew. Les has just joined NDAS. This ishis first job, and he has no background in information systems, data processing, or datacommunications. Will this be a problem for you? If so, why? How will you handle it?This can be a problem because of Les Coone’s inexperience and his relationship withPresident Coone. The best way to handle the situation is to try to make a friend of Les bybeing helpful, honest, and cordial.Note to instructor: This part of the case scenario will give you the opportunity to stress theimportance of working with the user community and management when developing systemsand installing data communication networks.Additional ContentTeaching NotesI usually spend 1 hour of class time on this chapter.My goals in teaching this chapter are to introduce the basic concepts of data communications andto motivate the importance of learning this material for the students. I usually focus on thenetwork layer model approach because this sets the stage for everything that follows in the book.I take time to trace how a message starts in the application layer and moves through the otherlayers, each of which adds a packet to the message. This helps to give the students a conceptualunderpinning as to how the rest of the course will be laid out.I then refer to this introductionacross the course as each new layer is explored in depth later on.I then trace how the messageflows upward in the receiver.Together with this chapter, I cover binary representation and thenumber system topics outlined in the preface. Binary is sometimes a review for students, but notalways, so it is useful to have all students have the same level of understanding.I usually caution the students that this material is complex and difficult to learn, and that it is bestapproached in three ways:1) first, treat it as if one is learning a foreign language, and try toabsorb the material by not letting oneself become overwhelmed or to get too far behind-a littlebit each day is a much better approach to learning about networks. 2) If one does not grasp it allimmediately, they are not to worry, but to come at it again and again from several sessions, usingseveral different learning styles-reading, lectures, labs, slides and conversations in class. 3) Thestudents are well served by being sure to attend as many classes as possible, and to skim thematerial before the lectures, as well as read the chapters in depth after the lectures. The studentwho tries to learn it all on their own will struggle, but the student who keeps up will really enjoylearning all about this new and interesting topic.I pull up a jobs website, and explore several current job offers to show the students howinteresting networking jobs can be-and it doesn’t hurt for them to learn about the potentialsalaries in this area, either!
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Business Data Communications and Networking, 12th Edition Solution Manual - Page 16 preview imageBusiness Data Communications and Networking, 12e by Fitzgerald/DennisPage14I downplay the future trends section, but some instructors use this effectively to engage thestudents in a discussion.War StoriesMicrosoft Internet Explorer and HTML Standards(could also fit in Chapter 2)(Objective: illustrate the importance of standards)In early 1996, when we were developing our Web-groupware software (now a commercialproduct called Consensus @nyWARE (www.softbicycle.com) we discovered that Microsoft's IEwould not work with our software. IE did not support the full HTML 3.0 standard in formsprocessing. All the form information was returned in reverse order from the standard. Since IEwas a marginal product at the time and since our project was a research project, we decided notto bother rewriting our software to support IE.I received an email message from an IE user mentioning that they had discovered that IE wouldnot work with our software and asking if we knew why. I didn't really read the note verycarefully. I explained the problem and told them they should use Netscape and forget about IE …It turned out that the user was Microsoft's chief software architect for IE.Microsoft quickly confirmed that the problem was indeed their non-support for the standard.However, they ultimately decided not to support the standard, thus requiring developers tochange the way they write code (must use the form value tags, not position in the file returnedfrom the forms).Other topics to cover here interms of war stories for illustrating the importance of networks is totalk about current standards with which the students are familiar-MP3 vs. ripped iPod files, orBlue Ray CD’s vs. the new High Def standards. I ask them what technology standards they useeach and every day, and write these on the board.Some prompting will uncover the standardsthat are in the chapter-TCP/IP and HTML, and then this can be a good place to re-introduceFigure 1.4.
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