QQuestionChemistry
QuestionChemistry
2. The Lewis structure of $\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CHO}$ is shown below. For this molecule, write a hybridization and bonding scheme. Make sure to indicate the hybridization around each interior atom, sketch the structure, indicating overlapping orbitals, and label all bonds as either sigma $(\sigma)$ or pi $(\pi)$.
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Step 1:: Identify the atoms and their connectivities
In the given Lewis structure, we have a carbon atom (C) double-bonded to an oxygen atom (O), single-bonded to another carbon atom (C), and bonded to three hydrogen atoms (H). The other carbon atom is bonded to the first carbon atom, the oxygen atom, and two hydrogen atoms.
Step 2:: Determine the hybridization of each interior atom
- The central carbon atom (C1) is bonded to one carbon atom, one oxygen atom, and two hydrogen atoms. It has sp³ hybridization. - The second carbon atom (C2) is bonded to one carbon atom, one oxygen atom, and two hydrogen atoms. It also has sp³ hybridization. - The oxygen atom (O) is bonded to one carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms. It has sp² hybridization.
Step 3:: Sketch the structure, indicating overlapping orbitals
- For C^1, sp³ hybridization means it forms four sigma bonds: one with C^2, one with O, and two with H. - For C^2, sp³ hybridization means it forms four sigma bonds: one with C^1, two with H, and one with O in a bent (109.5°) geometry. - For O, sp² hybridization means it forms three sigma bonds: one with C^1, two with H, and one vacant p orbital perpendicular to the plane of the molecule.
Step 4:: Label all bonds as either sigma $(\sigma)$ or pi $(\pi)$
- Similarly, the C=O bond is part of a double bond, so there is also a pi $(\pi)$ bond between the p orbitals of C2 and O.
- The C^1 -O bond is part of a double bond, so there is also a pi $(\pi)$ bond between the p orbitals of C^1 and O.
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