Q
QuestionChemistry

"Arrange the following elements in order of decreasing ionization energy: Cl, Si, P, Ar"
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Answer

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Step 1:
I'll solve this problem step by step, focusing on the periodic trends of ionization energy.

Step 2:
: Understand Ionization Energy

Ionization energy is the energy required to remove the outermost electron from a neutral atom in its gaseous state. It depends on two main factors: - Atomic size - Nuclear charge (number of protons)

Step 3:
: Analyze the Periodic Table Positions

Let's look at the periodic table locations for these elements: - Cl: Group 17 (Halogen), Period 3 - Si: Group 14 (Metalloid), Period 3 - P: Group 15 (Nonmetal), Period 3 - Ar: Group 18 (Noble Gas), Period 3

Step 4:
: Compare Atomic Sizes

As we move from left to right in a period, atomic size decreases due to increased nuclear charge. This means ionization energy generally increases.

Step 5:
: Analyze Electron Configurations

- Ar: $$1s^{2} 2s^{2} 2p^{6} 3s^{2} 3p^{6}
- Si: 1s^{2} 2s^{2} 2p^{6} 3s^{2} 3p^{2}

Step 6:
: Determine Ionization Energy Order

Comparing the electron configurations and periodic trends: - Ar has a full outer shell (noble gas configuration), which makes it very stable - Cl is a halogen with high electronegativity - P and Si have partially filled outer shells

Step 7:
: Rank in Order of Decreasing Ionization Energy

From highest to lowest ionization energy:

Step 8:

Ar (highest)

Step 9:

Cl

Step 10:

P

Step 11:

Si (lowest)

Final Answer

Ar > Cl > P > Si