QQuestionChemistry
QuestionChemistry
Classify the following compounds as ionic or covalent. CH^4, CCl^4, HCl, NaCl, NH^3, CaO, H^2O, Br^2, C^2H^5OH, CH^3OCH^2CH^3, CO, CH^2CH^2, MgSO^4, C^2H^2, H^2SO^4, CH^3COONa, CO^2, H^2, KBr, O^2, NaOH
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Step 1:
Step 2:: Understand the problem and recognize the chemical formulas given.
We are asked to classify the following compounds as either ionic or covalent: CH^4, CCl^4, HCl, NaCl, NH^3, CaO, H^2O, Br^2, C^2H^5OH, CH^3OCH^2CH^3, CO, CH^2CH^2, MgSO^4, C^2H^2, H^2SO^4, CH^3COONa, CO^2, H^2, KBr, O^2, NaOH.
Step 3:
Step 4:: Recall the difference between ionic and covalent compounds.
- Ionic compounds are formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, resulting in charged ions that attract each other to form a crystal lattice. Ionic compounds generally consist of a metal and a non-metal. - Covalent compounds are formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms, which allows them to satisfy the octet rule. Covalent compounds generally consist of two non-metals.
Step 5:
Step 6:: Classify the compounds.
- CH^4: Covalent. This compound consists of carbon and hydrogen, both non-metals. They share electrons to form covalent bonds. - CCl^4: Covalent. Carbon and chlorine are both non-metals that share electrons to form covalent bonds. - HCl: Ionic. Hydrogen can gain an electron to form a hydrogen ion (H+), and chlorine can lose an electron to form a chloride ion (Cl-). The transfer of electrons results in an ionic bond. - NaCl: Ionic. Sodium (Na) is a metal that loses an electron to form a sodium ion (Na+), and chlorine (Cl) is a non-metal that gains an electron to form a chloride ion (Cl-). The transfer of electrons results in an ionic bond. - NH^3: Covalent. Nitrogen and hydrogen are both non-metals that share electrons to form covalent bonds. - CaO: Ionic. Calcium (Ca) is a metal that loses two electrons to form a calcium ion (Ca^2 +), and oxygen gains two electrons to form an oxide ion (O^2 -). The transfer of electrons results in an ionic bond. - H^2O: Covalent. Both hydrogen and oxygen are non-metals that share electrons to form covalent bonds. - Br^2: Covalent. Bromine is a non-metal that forms a covalent bond with itself. - C^2H^5OH: Covalent. Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are non-metals that share electrons to form covalent bonds. - CH^3OCH^2CH^3: Covalent. Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are non-metals that share electrons to form covalent bonds. - CO: Covalent. Carbon and oxygen are non-metals that share electrons to form covalent bonds. - CH^2CH^2: Covalent. Carbon and hydrogen are non-metals that share electrons to form covalent bonds. - MgSO^4: Ionic. Magnesium (Mg) is a metal that loses two electrons to form a magnesium ion (Mg^2 +), and sulfur (S) and four oxygen atoms form an ionic bond with the magnesium ion. - C^2H^2: Covalent. Carbon and hydrogen are non-metals that share electrons to form covalent bonds. - H^2SO^4: Ionic. Hydrogen gains electrons to form hydrogen ions (H+), sulfur gains two electrons to form a sulfide ion (S^2 -), and four oxygen atoms gain electrons to form oxide ions (O^2 -). The transfer of electrons results in an ionic bond. - CH^3COONa: Ionic. Sodium (Na) is a metal that loses an electron to form a sodium ion (Na+), and the remaining part of the molecule is a covalently bonded compound. However, when dissolved in water, it dissociates into ions, so it is considered ionic. - CO^2: Covalent. Carbon and oxygen are non-metals that share electrons to form covalent bonds. - H^2: Covalent. Hydrogen is a non-metal that shares electrons with another hydrogen atom to form a covalent bond. - KBr: Ionic. Potassium (K) is a metal that loses an electron to form a potassium ion (K+), and bromine gains an electron to form a bromide ion (Br-). The transfer of electrons results in an ionic bond. - O^2: Covalent. Oxygen forms a covalent bond with itself. - NaOH: Ionic. Sodium (Na) is a metal that loses an electron to form a sodium ion (Na+), and hydroxide (OH-) is a polyatomic ion. The transfer of electrons results in an ionic bond.
Step 7:
Final Answer
- Ionic compounds: HCl, NaCl, CaO, MgSO^4, H^2SO^4, CH^3COONa, KBr, NaOH - Covalent compounds: CH^4, CCl^4, NH^3, H^2O, Br^2, C^2H^5OH, CH^3OCH^2CH^3, CO, CH^2CH^2, C^2H^2, CO^2, H^2, O^2
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