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QuestionChemistry

Complete the paragraph to describe the characteristics of a silicon tetrahydride molecule (SiH4). The Lewis structure and table of electronegativities are given. The bond polarities of SiH^4 are ______, the molecular shape is ______, and the molecule is ______.
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Answer

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Step 1:
I'll solve this systematically, focusing on molecular structure and polarity analysis.

Step 2:
: Analyze Electronegativity Differences

- Electronegativity difference: $$|2.20 - 1.90| = 0.30
- Silicon (Si) electronegativity: 1.90 - Hydrogen (H) electronegativity: 2.20

Step 3:
: Determine Bond Polarity

- Since the electronegativity difference is small (< 0.5), the Si-H bonds are considered slightly polar - Hydrogen is more electronegative, so it will have a slight negative charge - Bonds are considered "polar covalent"

Step 4:
: Molecular Geometry

- SiH^4 has a tetrahedral molecular geometry - Central silicon atom is bonded to 4 hydrogen atoms symmetrically - Molecular shape: Tetrahedral

Step 5:
: Molecular Polarity

- Despite polar bonds, the symmetrical tetrahedral arrangement results in complete cancellation of bond dipoles - Net molecular polarity: Zero (non-polar molecule)

Final Answer

- Bond polarities: slightly polar - Molecular shape: tetrahedral - Molecule polarity: non-polar