QQuestionChemistry
QuestionChemistry
Draw a Lewis dot diagram for H^2O^2 (hydrogen peroxide), and use the oxidation - state method of electron book keeping to determine how many electrons each atom should be assigned.
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Answer
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Step 1:: Understand the problem
We need to draw a Lewis dot diagram for H^2O^2 (hydrogen peroxide) and determine the oxidation states of each atom. A Lewis dot diagram shows the valence electrons around an atom, and the oxidation state indicates how many electrons an atom appears to have gained or lost.
Step 2:: Draw the Lewis structure
Step 3:
Count the total number of valence electrons in the molecule. Hydrogen has one valence electron, and oxygen has six. In H^2O^2, there are 2 hydrogen atoms and 2 oxygen atoms. Total valence electrons = 2(1) + 2(6) = 14
Step 4:
Place the atoms in the structure, starting with the least electronegative atom (hydrogen) and adding the remaining atoms in alphabetical order. H - O - H
Step 5:
Add enough electrons to complete the octets of the oxygen atoms. H : O : O : H Add 2 electrons to each oxygen atom: H : O = O : H (There are now 12 electrons in the structure.)
Step 6:
Place the remaining electrons as lone pairs on the oxygen atoms to satisfy their octets. H : O - - - O : H Add 2 electrons to each oxygen atom: H : O - - - O : H (There are now 14 electrons in the structure.)
Step 7:: Determine the oxidation states
Step 8:
Assign oxidation states to each atom. For hydrogen, the oxidation state is usually + 1. For oxygen, the oxidation state is usually - 2. H: + 1 O: - 2 (each)
Step 9:
Calculate the total charge of the molecule by adding up the oxidation states. Total charge = 2(+ 1) + 2(- 2) = 0
Step 10:: Check the Lewis structure and oxidation states
The Lewis structure and oxidation states are consistent with the formal charge rule, which states that the formal charge on each atom should be as close to zero as possible. In this case, the formal charges are: H: + 1 - 1 (lone pair electrons) - 0 (bonding electrons) = 0 O: - 2 - 6 (lone pair electrons) + 8 (bonding electrons) = 0 Both hydrogen and oxygen atoms have a formal charge of zero, which is consistent with the Lewis structure and oxidation states.
Final Answer
The Lewis dot diagram for H^2O^2 is: H : O - - - O : H The oxidation states for hydrogen and oxygen are + 1 and - 2, respectively.
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