QQuestionChemistry
QuestionChemistry
Each of the following substances violates the octet rule. Identify the violation represented by each substance.
(a) ClO^3
(b) BCl^3
(c) IF^7
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Answer
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Step 1:I'll solve this problem step by step, focusing on the electron configuration and octet rule violations for each substance.
Step 2:: ClO^3 (Chlorate Ion)
\text{Total valence electrons} = 7 + 18 = 25
- Central atom: Chlorine (Cl) - Electron configuration analysis: - Violation: Chlorine has 10 electrons around it (expanded octet) - Explanation: Chlorine can accommodate more than 8 electrons due to its ability to use d-orbitals
Step 3:: BCl^3 (Boron Trichloride)
\text{Total valence electrons} = 3 + 21 = 24
- Central atom: Boron (B) - Electron configuration analysis: - Violation: Boron has only 6 electrons around it (incomplete octet) - Explanation: Boron does not have enough electrons to form a complete octet
Step 4:: IF^7 (Iodine Heptafluoride)
\text{Total valence electrons} = 7 + 49 = 56
- Central atom: Iodine (I) - Electron configuration analysis: - Violation: Iodine has 14 electrons around it (hypervalent/expanded octet) - Explanation: Iodine can accommodate more than 8 electrons using d-orbitals
Final Answer
(a) ClO^3: Expanded octet (10 electrons around Cl) (b) BCl^3: Incomplete octet (6 electrons around B) (c) IF^7: Hypervalent/expanded octet (14 electrons around I)
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