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QuestionChemistry

F₂ is diamagnetic while O₂ is paramagnetic. Explain this on the basis of molecular orbital theory.
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Step 1:
I'll solve this problem step by step, explaining the molecular orbital theory behind the magnetic properties of F₂ and O₂.

Step 2:
: Understand Molecular Orbital Theory Basics

Molecular orbital theory describes how atomic orbitals combine to form molecular orbitals. The electronic configuration of these orbitals determines the magnetic properties of molecules.

Step 3:
: Electron Configuration of F₂

(\sigma_{1s})^{2}(\sigma^{*}_{1s})^{2}(\sigma_{2s})^{2}(\sigma^{*}_{2s})^{2}(\sigma_{2p})^{2}(\pi_{2p})^{4}(\pi^{*}_{2p})^{0}
For F₂, the electron configuration is:

Step 4:
: Analyze F₂ Electron Pairing

In F₂, all molecular orbitals are completely filled and paired. This means: - All electrons are paired - No unpaired electrons exist - Paired electrons have opposite spins - Result: Diamagnetic behavior

Step 5:
: Electron Configuration of O₂

(\sigma_{1s})^{2}(\sigma^{*}_{1s})^{2}(\sigma_{2s})^{2}(\sigma^{*}_{2s})^{2}(\sigma_{2p})^{2}(\pi_{2p})^{4}(\pi^{*}_{2p})^{2}
For O₂, the electron configuration is:

Step 6:
: Analyze O₂ Electron Pairing

- The $$\pi^{*}_{2p}$$ orbitals have two unpaired electrons
In O₂: - Unpaired electrons have parallel spins - Result: Paramagnetic behavior

Final Answer

F₂ is diamagnetic due to all electrons being paired, while O₂ is paramagnetic due to two unpaired electrons in its \pi^{*}_{2p} molecular orbitals.