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QuestionChemistry

"For the molecule ethylene (C^2 H4), draw the Lewis dot structure. What are the number of sigma (σ) and pi (π) bonds, respectively?"
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Answer

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Step 1:
I'll solve this step by step with precise LaTeX notation:

Step 2:
: Determine the total number of valence electrons

• Total valence electrons: $$8 + 4 = 12$$ electrons
• Carbon (C): 4 valence electrons × 2 carbons = 8 electrons • Hydrogen (H): 1 valence electron × 4 hydrogens = 4 electrons

Step 3:
: Arrange the atoms

• Place two carbon atoms in the center, connected by a single bond • Attach two hydrogen atoms to each carbon

Step 4:
: Draw the Lewis dot structure

• First, create a single bond between carbons • Distribute remaining electrons as lone pairs • Add hydrogen atoms • The structure will show: - Carbon-carbon single bond - Each carbon has two hydrogen atoms - Remaining electrons as lone pairs

Step 5:
: Count bond types

- Total π bonds: $$1$$ π bond
• Sigma (σ) bonds: - Carbon-carbon single bond: 1 σ bond - Carbon-hydrogen bonds: 4 σ bonds • Pi (π) bonds: - Carbon-carbon double bond component: 1 π bond

Final Answer

• Lewis dot structure shows single carbon-carbon bond with four hydrogen atoms • 5 sigma (σ) bonds • 1 pi (π) bond