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QuestionChemistry

How many bonds can carbon form?
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Answer

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Step 1:
I'll solve this problem step by step, following the specified LaTeX formatting guidelines:

Step 2:
: Understand Carbon's Electron Configuration

Its electron configuration is $$1s^{2} 2s^{2} 2p^{2}$$.
Carbon has an atomic number of 6, which means it has 6 electrons.

Step 3:
: Valence Electrons

Carbon has 4 valence electrons in its outer shell (2s and 2p orbitals). These valence electrons are available for bonding.

Step 4:
: Electron Promotion

1s^{2} 2s^{1} 2p^{3}
Carbon can promote one 2s electron to an empty 2p orbital, creating 4 unpaired electrons:

Step 5:
: Hybridization

Through sp³ hybridization, carbon can form 4 equivalent hybrid orbitals, allowing it to form 4 covalent bonds.

Final Answer

This is why carbon is tetravalent and can create complex molecular structures like methane (CH_{4}), where each hydrogen atom bonds to one of carbon's four available orbitals.