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QuestionChemistry

How many covalent bonds can each carbon atom form?
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Answer

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Step 1:
I'll solve this problem step by step, following the specified formatting guidelines:

Step 2:
: Understand Carbon's Electron Configuration

Carbon has an atomic number of 6, which means its electron configuration is $$1s^{2} 2s^{2} 2p^{2}$$.
To determine the number of covalent bonds, we need to examine its valence electrons.

Step 3:
: Analyze Valence Electrons

- 2 electrons in the $$2p$$ orbital
In the outer shell, carbon has:

Step 4:
: Electron Promotion and Hybridization

Carbon can promote one $$2s$$ electron to an empty $$2p$$ orbital, creating four unpaired electrons:
1s^{2} 2s^{1} 2p^{3}

Step 5:
: Determine Bonding Capacity

This is why carbon is tetravalent and can create stable compounds like methane ($$CH_{4}$$).
With four unpaired electrons, carbon can form four covalent bonds.

Final Answer

A carbon atom can form 4 covalent bonds.