Answer
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Step 1:I'll solve this problem step by step, following the specified LaTeX formatting guidelines:
Step 2:: Identify the element
Gallium (Ga) is located in the periodic table with the following characteristics: - Atomic number: 31 - Period: 4 - Group: 13 (IIIA)
Step 3:: Determine electron configuration
The electron configuration of gallium is $$1s^{2} 2s^{2} 2p^{6} 3s^{2} 3p^{6} 4s^{2} 3d^{10} 4p^{1}
Step 4:: Locate valence electrons
\text{Valence electrons} = 13 - 10 = 3
In Group 13 (IIIA), the number of valence electrons is equal to the group number minus 10.
Step 5:: Verify by examining outer shell electrons
The electrons in the 4s and 4p orbitals are the valence electrons for gallium.
Final Answer
Gallium has 3 valence electrons.
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