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QuestionChemistry

Identify the elements correctly shown by decreasing radii size. A. $\mathrm{N}^{3 -}>\mathrm{N}$ B. $\mathrm{Cu}^{2 +}>\mathrm{Cu}^{+}$ C. $\mathrm{K}^{+}>\mathrm{K}$ D. $\mathrm{N}>\mathrm{N}^{3 -}$
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Answer

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Step 1:
Let's solve this step by step by analyzing the trends in atomic and ionic radii.

Step 2:
: Understanding Atomic and Ionic Radii

- Atomic radius is the distance from the nucleus to the outermost electron - Ionic radius depends on the number of electrons and the nuclear charge - Gaining or losing electrons affects the size of an atom/ion

Step 3:
: Analyzing Nitrogen Species

- Therefore, $$\mathrm{N}^{3-} > \mathrm{N}
- \mathrm{N}^{3 -} (ion): Has 10 electrons (3 extra) - When an atom gains electrons, it becomes larger due to increased electron-electron repulsion

Step 4:
: Analyzing Copper Species

- Therefore, $$\mathrm{Cu}^{2+} > \mathrm{Cu}^{+}
- \mathrm{Cu}^{2 +} (ion): Has lost two electrons - Losing electrons reduces atomic size due to decreased electron-electron repulsion

Step 5:
: Analyzing Potassium Species

- Therefore, $$\mathrm{K}^{+} < \mathrm{K}
- \mathrm{K}^{+} (ion): Has lost one electron - Losing an electron reduces atomic size

Final Answer

Option A is correct. \mathrm{N}^{3 -} > \mathrm{N} represents the correct trend in radii size.