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QuestionChemistry

"In the Lewis dot structure for NH^3, the central atom of the molecule has three atoms bonded to it and one lone pair of electrons. The shape of an NH^3 molecule is: A. bent B. tetrahedral C. trigonal planar D. trigonal pyramidal"
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Answer

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Step 1:
I'll solve this step by step using the specified LaTeX formatting guidelines:

Step 2:
: Analyze the Molecular Structure

- Total valence electrons: $$5 + (3 \times 1) = 8$$ electrons
- The central atom in NH^3 (ammonia) is nitrogen (N) - Nitrogen has 5 valence electrons - Hydrogen atoms contribute 1 electron each

Step 3:
: Determine Electron Arrangement

- Three hydrogen atoms are bonded to the nitrogen - One lone pair of electrons exists on the nitrogen atom - This creates a total of 4 electron domains around the central nitrogen atom

Step 4:
: Apply VSEPR Theory

- With 3 bonding domains and 1 lone pair electron domain - The electron domain geometry is tetrahedral - The molecular geometry is determined by the actual atom positions

Step 5:
: Identify Molecular Shape

- The lone pair causes slight distortion from perfect tetrahedral geometry - This results in a trigonal pyramidal shape - The bond angles are slightly less than 109.5° due to lone pair repulsion

Final Answer

Key Reasoning: - Lone pair pushes bonding pairs slightly closer together - Results in a pyramidal (not flat) molecular geometry - Characteristic of molecules like NH^3 with a central atom, bonded atoms, and a lone pair