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QuestionChemistry

Is ammonia a polar or nonpolar molecule?
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Answer

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Step 1:
I'll solve this step by step, focusing on molecular structure and polarity.

Step 2:
: Understand the molecular structure of ammonia

- Ammonia (NH₃) has a central nitrogen atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms - The molecular geometry is trigonal pyramidal - Nitrogen has one lone pair of electrons

Step 3:
: Analyze the electronegativity differences

- The difference is significant ($$3.04 - 2.20 = 0.84$$)
- Nitrogen's electronegativity: 3.04 - Hydrogen's electronegativity: 2.20

Step 4:
: Determine bond polarity

- N-H bonds are polar due to the electronegativity difference - Each N-H bond has a partial negative charge on nitrogen and partial positive charge on hydrogen

Step 5:
: Evaluate molecular symmetry

- The lone pair on nitrogen creates an asymmetric electron distribution - This asymmetry prevents complete cancellation of bond dipoles

Step 6:
: Conclude molecular polarity

- Unequal charge distribution - Net dipole moment exists - Bonds are polar and do not cancel out

Final Answer

Ammonia (NH₃) is a POLAR molecule.