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QuestionChemistry

Part A: What are the electron and molecular geometries, respectively, for the carbonate ion, CO^2−3 ​ ?
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Step 1:
: Determine the electron geometry using the Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory.

In the carbonate ion (CO^2−3), there are 4 regions of electron density around the central carbon atom: 2 from the double bonds to the oxygen atoms and 2 from the lone pairs on the oxygen atoms. According to the VSEPR theory, these electron pairs will arrange themselves in such a way as to minimize repulsion between them.

Step 2:
: Place the electron pairs in a tetrahedral arrangement.

Since there are 4 regions of electron density, they will arrange themselves in a tetrahedral shape. However, since there are 2 lone pairs, they will occupy more space than the bonding pairs.

Step 3:
: Determine the molecular geometry.

The molecular geometry is based on the arrangement of the atoms, not the electron pairs. In this case, the central carbon atom is bonded to 3 oxygen atoms, forming a trigonal planar shape.

Step 4:
: Summarize the electron and molecular geometries.

Electron geometry: Tetrahedral Molecular geometry: Trigonal planar

Final Answer

The electron geometry of the carbonate ion (CO^2−3) is tetrahedral, and the molecular geometry is trigonal planar.